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Formation and Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy

2003.4.25. Chang-Hwan Lee. Formation and Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy. Hot Issues in Astro-Particle Physics. Tc=200 Mev ? (2 x 10 12 K) r 0 =2.5 x 10 14 g/cc. Neutron Stars Black Holes. Final Conclusion will be. Believe or Not.

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Formation and Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy

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  1. 2003.4.25 Chang-Hwan Lee Formation and Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy

  2. Hot Issues in Astro-Particle Physics Tc=200 Mev ? (2 x 1012 K) r0=2.5 x 1014 g/cc Neutron Stars Black Holes

  3. Final Conclusionwill be Believe or Not • We have seen 15 black hole binaries in our Galaxy. • We have seen evidences of Hypernovae explosions in black hole binaries • Ironically, Black Holes are the sources of the most energetic explosions in the Universe after Big Bang

  4. Compact Stars • White Dwarf [M < 1.4 Msun; R=1000 km] • Neutron Star [M < 3 Msun; R < 15 km] • Black Holes Density of Neutron Star 1 cm3 All buildings in Busan

  5. Theoretical Black Holes ? Einstein’s General Relativity Sun : r = 3 km Earch : r = 9 mm Light cannot escape ! Total Nonsense !?

  6. Now we believe that black holes exist ! X-ray Observations (2002 Nobel Prize) • First Observation 1962 • First X-ray SatelliteUhuru (Dec. 1970) • .. • Current MissionsChandra (NASA) XMM-Newton (Europe) • Future Xeus (ESA), Constellation-X(NASA), etc Chandra (NASA)

  7. Centaurus A

  8. X-선원의 개수 증가 70년대 90년대  1,000개  50,000개

  9. Soueces of Strong X-ray in the Universe X-ray emission by accretion • Neutron Stars [M < 3 MSun; R <15 km] • Black Holes • … …

  10. 블랙홀이불쑥불쑥(박석재) What is black hole in real observation ? • Strong souce of X-ray emission • X-ray emission region is very small • No stable star exists with given mass & size Beyond Neutron Star We call it a Black Hole !

  11. Observed Black Holes • Center of galaxies [106-109 Msun] • Black Hole Binaries • Tiny BHs in RHIC ?

  12. Center of a galaxy (M87) Jet=100000 light year

  13. 활동은하(AGN) 모형 3C 273, QSO 대부분의 활동은하 중심에 거대질량 블랙홀 존재

  14. Main topic of my research Black Hole Binaries in our Galaxy Galactic Disk XTE J1118+480

  15. X-ray & Optical Telescopes Oscillating Brightness (GRO J1655-40)

  16. 15 Black Hole Binaries observed > 3000 active black hole binaries in our Galaxy

  17. Black hole binaries! What’s going on? Explosions from black holes?

  18. m=2Msun ; MBH=6Msun Nova Sco 94 [Xi/H]: logarithmic abundances relative to solar Israelial et al. 1999, Nature It’s impossible for normal stars! Where did they come from?

  19. Abundances in the secondary of Nova Sco They had to come from black hole progenitor when it exploded. Hypernova to explain the observations. [Hypernova=1031 Atomic Bomb at Hiroshima]

  20. Another evidence ? C.M. System velocity (-106 km/s) : Abrupt Mass Loss by Explosion Mg,Si,S,…

  21. Hypernova Explosions from Rotating BH Spinning BH (QPOs) High Black Hole Mass ( > 5 Msun) --- Maximum Neutron Star Mass < 2 Msun

  22. Hypernovae in BH X-ray Binaries We have seen it twice. So, it happens Everywhere? Nova Sco, V4641 Sgr

  23. Q) How can we understand these observations ?

  24. Hypernovae in BH X-ray Binaries 블랙홀 자전 초당 1만번 Hypernovae

  25. From where ? 공전주기 < 12시간 블랙홀 자전 초당 1만번

  26. Gamma Ray Bursts from Black Hole Systems • Energy > 1051 ergs • Rinit = O(100 km) • M < 30 Msun • dT = ms – min • …… Most likely BHs ! Energy in Hypernovae = Energy in GRBs BH Binaries -> Long Time Scale GRBs (> 2 sec)

  27. Rotating black hole is not so greedy! Falling material can survive! Supernovae Hypernovae GRBs New Life !

  28. Final Conclusion • We have seen 15 black hole binaries in our Galaxy. • We have seen evidences of hypernovae. Ironically, Black Holes are the sources of the most energetic explosions in the Universe after Big Bang

  29. Nobel Prizes in Astro-particle Physics 1967: H.A. Bethe (CNO cycle) 1974: A. Hewish (discovery of Radio Pulsar) 1983: S. Chandrasekhar (works on WD, NS, BH) 1993: R. Hulse & J. Taylor (Binary Pulsar) (Gravitational Wave Radiation) 2002: M. Koshiba & R. Giacconi Neutrinos from SN 1987A, X-ray Satellite All of them is related to Neutron Star & Black Holes because H.A. Bethe is working on Black Holes now !!!

  30. Why so many Nobel Prizes for NS & BH ? Theory vs Observation: Effect of Gravitational Wave Radiation Complexity can be hide in the simple Physics of Neutron Star & Black Holes

  31. Rapidly Developing Field 1999: Brown, Lee, & Bethe, New Astronomy 4, 313 Only 9 black Hole Binaries (since 1970) *** Evidences of Hypernovae are found 2002: Lee, Brown, & Wijers, ApJ 575 (2002) 996 15 Black Hole Binaries in our Table *** New observations are consistent with our theory ! 2003: “Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy” by Bethe, Brown, & Lee, World Scientific

  32. Future Prospects Experiments & Satellites under construction Japan Hadron Facility GSI Heavy Ion Experiment (Germany) LIGO, VIRGO, etc : gravitational wave detection Swift, etc: Gamma Ray Burst Constellation-X, ……. Bright Future in Astro-Particle & Astro-Hadron Physics

  33. Why am I doing this ? It’s a lot of fun ! Thanks for your attendance !

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