1 / 36

Fundamentals of Sustainable Engineering

Fundamentals of Sustainable Engineering. Module 8 The Sustainability Quadrant Bill Wallace, M. ASCE. 8.1. Learning Outcomes. How to define and measure conditions of sustainability Sustainable development and sustainability are defined graphically

leia
Télécharger la présentation

Fundamentals of Sustainable Engineering

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fundamentals of Sustainable Engineering Module 8 The Sustainability Quadrant Bill Wallace, M. ASCE 8.1

  2. Learning Outcomes How to define and measure conditions of sustainability Sustainable development and sustainability are defined graphically How to use available tools for establishing sustainability programs and setting priorities JupiterImages

  3. Opening Remarks Our economic growth and development model is not sustainable Starting to hit the limits, worldwide Consequences are serious Then, need a way of directing the world’s efforts and resources towards becoming a sustainable society And engineers get to participate!

  4. Outline • Two useful measures for sustainability • Human Development Index • Ecological Footprint • The Sustainability Quadrant

  5. Two Useful Measures Human Development Index Criteria for developmental progress Can partition into various levels of development Ecological footprint Compare biocapacity supply (what the earth has available) vs. biocapacity demand (what society is using) JupiterImages

  6. Human Development Index (HDI) Used by the UN since 1990 as a measure of development progress Three factors: Life expectancy at birth Knowledge and education Adult literacy (⅔) School enrollment (⅓) Gross domestic product

  7. Calculating HDI Human Development Index (HDI) = (Health sufficiency to expect of a long and healthy life) + (Education sufficiency to pursue a higher quality of life) + (Income sufficiency to pursue that quality of life with dignity) HDI = ⅓(Life Expectancy Index) + ⅓(Education Index) + ⅓(Gross Domestic Product Index)

  8. World map of Human Development Index (HDI) Medium: 0.50 – 0.79 High: 0.80 – 1.00 Low: 0.20 – 0.49 8.8

  9. Human Development IndexComparisons Top 15 Bottom 15

  10. U.S. Map of the Human Development Index (HDI), By State The Economist, http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2009/05/link_exchange_170

  11. Ecological Footprint Measuring the impact of human activity on the Earth’s ecological systems How much activity can be sustained in the long term Mathis Wackernagel - The Ecological Footprint

  12. Ecological FootprintBackground Conceived in 1990 by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees, University of British Columbia Currently in wide use to monitor ecological resource use and advance sustainable development http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/

  13. Ecological Footprint, Biocapacity Definitions Biocapacity is ecological supply A measure of the biological productivity in an area It is an aggregate of the productivity of various ecosystems within the area Arable or crop land Pasture Forest Bioproductive sea Built or degraded land Biocapacity is dependent not only on natural conditions but also on prevailing farming and forestry practices Ecological Footprint is ecological demand Measures demand human activity puts on the biosphere amount of biologically productive land and water area required to… Produce all the resources an individual, population, or activity consumes Absorb the waste they generate Given prevailing technology and resource management practices

  14. Unit of Measure: Global Hectare Ecological Footprint Atlas 2009: Global Footprint Network, http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ • Global hectare (gha) • A productivity-weighted area used to report both the biocapacity of the Earth, and the demand on biocapacity (the Ecological Footprint) • Normalized to the area-weighted average productivity of biologically productive land and water in a given year • Different land types have different productivity • A global hectare of, for example, cropland, would occupy a smaller physical area than the much less biologically productive pasture land, as more pasture would be needed to provide the same biocapacity as one hectare of cropland • Because world bioproductivity varies slightly from year to year, the value of a gha may change slightly from year to year

  15. Ecological Footprint Measures Global Footprint Network, http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/

  16. Ecological Footprint Measures Cropland Areas used to produce food and fiber for human consumption, feed for livestock, oil crops, and rubber Grazing land Comparing the amount of livestock feed available with the amount of feed required for the livestock produced in that year Remainder of feed demand assumed to come from grazing land Forest for timber and fuel wood Calculated based on the amount of lumber, pulp, timber products, and fuel wood consumed by a country on a yearly basis Fishing grounds Calculated based on the estimated primary production required to support the fish caught Built-up land Calculated based on the area of land covered by human infrastructure transportation, housing, industrial structures, and reservoirs for hydropower Carbon footprint Calculated as the amount of forest land required to absorb given carbon emissions

  17. Global Footprint Accounts(In Global Hectares/Person, 2009 Data) Ecological Demand (Ecological Footprint)Ecological Supply (Biocapacity) Demand exceeds supply by more than 40% >

  18. Ecological Footprint Country Comparisons

  19. Ecological Overshoot Used in 2006 2.6 global hectares/person Available in 2006 1.8 global hectares/person Mathis Wackernagel - The Ecological Footprint

  20. Consumption Land Use Matrix JupiterImages

  21. Consumption Land Use Matrix • Use to disaggregate an ecological footprint of a country (state, city, business) into areas of consumption • See which areas have the greatest impact • Consider how to address those areas

  22. Consumption AreasConsumption Land Use Matrix Food Consumption areas associated with the chain of food production Shelter Domestic energy and land use and consumption areas associated with the construction industry Mobility Fuel and land use for private transport and consumption areas associated with provision of public transport Goods consumption areas associated with products of the manufacturing industry Services Consumption areas associated with provision of public and private services

  23. Consumption Land Use Matrix State of Victoria, Australia The Ecological Footprint of Consumption in Victoria http://epanote2.epa.vic.gov.au/EPA/Publications.nsf/515bc2fde7bf93f44a2565b6001ee896/6a4f318c29647984ca2574710004e3ad/$FILE/ATTAD7EZ/1269.pdf.

  24. Top 10 Commodities by Ecological Footprint, Victoria Source: The Ecological Footprint of Consumption in Victoria The Ecological Footprint of Consumption in Victoria

  25. So What! We can look up (or calculate) HDIs We can do the same for ecological footprints Purpose???

  26. Outline • Two useful measures for sustainability • Human Development Index • Ecological Footprint • The Sustainability Quadrant

  27. The Sustainability Quadrant Setting a target for achieving conditions of sustainability 2 1 0 1.0 0.8 0.9

  28. The Sustainability Quadrant 5 Aspirations Limitations 4 3 Ecological Footprint (global hectares/person) 2 World average biocapacity available per person 1 Sustainability Quadrant 0 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Underdeveloped Developing Developed Human Development Index

  29. USA Plotted by Irene Dhong, UFL ENV 6932

  30. The Sustainability Quadrant 1961 World average biocapacity available per person 5 Sustainability Quadrant in 1961 4 TODAY World average biocapacity available per person 3 Ecological Footprint (global hectares/person) 2 1 0 Underdeveloped Developing Developed 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Human Development Index

  31. The Sustainability QuadrantForces affecting biocapacity Dissemination and application of highly consumptive technologies Population Growth World average biocapacity available per person 2 Ecological Footprint (global hectares/person) • Restoration of natural capital • Improved productivity of natural capital 1 Sustainability Quadrant 0 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 Developing Developed Human Development Index

  32. Pathways Towards Sustainability: Multiple Goals World Economies Low income Low-middle income Upper middle income High income <$1/day <$2 >$30 <$9 China USA Rwanda Poland Malawi WORLD India Japan Achieve a reasonable standard of living Develop institutional capacity to improve Underdeveloped Improve capacity, reliability, durability and resiliency of systems and infrastructure Developing Improve reliability, durability and resiliency of systems and infrastructure. Improve system efficiency and effectiveness Developed World Bank list of economies, July 2005, http://www.worldbank.org/data/countryclass/classgroups.htm

  33. The Sustainability QuadrantOpportunities to Improve HDI World average biocapacity available per person 2 ? Ecological Footprint (global hectares/person) Sustainability Quadrant 1 • Health • Education • Mobility • Sustainable technology transfer • Capacity building • Collaboration 0 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 Developing Developed Human Development Index

  34. Engineering ApplicationsCorporations, Multinational and Domestic • Can plot ecological footprints of individual facilities against HDI for the communities in which organizations operate • Assess: • What are the biggest contributors to ecological overshoot? • Where to invest first to make the greatest improvements? • What are the greatest needs of the communities in which the organization operates? • How do those needs relate to operational success?

  35. Engineering Applications in Industry • What are the biggest contributors to the organization’s ecological footprint overshoot? • Think location-specific and across the board • Where should the industry invest first to make the greatest improvements? • How does your industry relate to the communities in which industry members operate? • How do those needs relate to the success of your industry members’ operations? • What structural changes should the industry consider to improve the success of its members?

  36. References • Measuring Human Development: A Primer, UNDP (2007) • Human Development Reports • http://hdr.undp.org/en/ • Living Planet Report 2006, World Wildlife Fund • assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report.pdf • Global Footprint Network • http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ • Mathis Wackernagel, William Rees, Our Ecological Footprint, New Society Publishers, (1996) • Video: Mathis Wackernagel: The Ecological Footprint • http://www.youtube.com/watchv=94tYMWz_Ia4&feature= • related

More Related