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Writing Research Questions

Writing Research Questions. Lesson objective. Write research topic Formulate research questions. Literature review. Observation/ Background survey Broad area of research. Theoretical framework. Hypothesis generation. Variables clearly identified. Problem definition. Research design.

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Writing Research Questions

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  1. Writing Research Questions

  2. Lesson objective • Write research topic • Formulate research questions

  3. Literature review Observation/ Background survey Broad area of research Theoretical framework Hypothesis generation Variables clearly identified Problem definition Research design Topic Problem statement Research questions Deduction Methods Data collection Analysis Interpretation Hypothesis substantiated? RQ answered? Where are we…

  4. Research Topics -Examples • Research topics 1 • Research topics 2 • Research topics 3 • http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/

  5. Research questions • Guides your purpose • Each research question give clear idea of your research • Quantitative or qualitative? • Experimental? Survey? • Should you interview people, or would the data from a survey answer it? • With RQs, easier to identify the assumptions underlying the question, and the “theories” behind it

  6. Writing research questions • Basically • Re-formulate your topic as a research question - one that ends with “…?” • Ask preliminary questions about this title • Ask as many • Generate several questions • Formulate a direct question - be precise

  7. How to derive research questions.. • Questions you can ask • What are the characteristics of this thing? • What happens? • And in what order do things happen? • When does it happen? To whom? • When does it NOT happen? • For whom is it a problem? Why is it a problem for them? • How can one tell it is a problem? • Keep those you can answer

  8. EXAMPLES

  9. How to derive research questions.. • Shortlist the questions • What exactly IS the research problem here? • Why is it important? • Why does it need to be solved? • How could I go about solving it? • What exactly would I have to do, to solve it? • If I did that, what would my data look like? • What would my findings look like? • Answer the last three as precise as you can

  10. Ask what you would have to do to solve the research problem • What or who will form my sample? • Why those/that, rather than others? • How will I select them? • How will I gain access to them? • What exactly will I use? • Why that/those, rather than other equipment/instruments/analytical methods?

  11. EXAMPLE -Research Questions • What are the factors that contribute towards the disruptive behaviours of Pre-TESL students? • What are the Pre-TESL students’ (with disruptive behaviours) attitudes towards authority? • Is there a relationship between disruptive behaviour and previous schooling of Pre-TESL students ?

  12. General Topic/ Area Pre TESL Students with disruptive behaviour Pre TESL students display disruptive behaviour Research Problem To study why Pre TESL students display disruptive behaviour Purpose Statement What are the factors that contribute towards the disruptive behaviours of Pre TESL students? Research Question Specific Differences Among Area, Problem, Purpose and Questions

  13. Differences Among Area, Problem, Purpose and Questions General Topic Area Science Education Anxiety in science classes Research Problem To study the anxiety among students who attend Physics classes? Purpose Statement What is the anxiety level of students who attend Physics classes at the UiTM Faculty of Education,? Is there a difference between the anxiety level of male and female students attending Physics classes at the UiTM Faculty of Education,? Research Question Specific

  14. Differences Among Area, Problem, Purpose and Questions General Topic Area Online Learning Isolation in the online learning environment Research Problem To study how students perceive social presence in the online learning environment Purpose Statement What is the online learners’ perception of social presence in an online learning community? Research Question Specific

  15. Questions into hypothesis • Strategy to unpack the question • highlight some of its different aspects • make it easier to identify an angle from which the research question can be answered • Deriving a statement that can be true or false

  16. EXAMPLES

  17. More Examples : RQs • How does group discussion facilitate concept formation? • Do individual motivational characteristics affect cognitive learning outcomes? • What can international students tell about the impact of culture on their experiences in education courses designed and delivered by a Malaysian university?

  18. Examples of hypotheses • There is a relationship between individual motivational characteristics and cognitive learning outcomes

  19. Research questions Problems Research problem Issues Concerns RESEARCH INTEREST/AREA Background survey Theoretical framework Fitting things together

  20. Literature review Observation/ Background survey Broad area of research Theoretical framework Hypothesis generation Variables clearly identified Problem definition Research design Problem statement Research topic Research questions Deduction Methods Data collection Analysis Interpretation Hypothesis substantiated? RQ answered? Next- Literature review

  21. Tasks • Task 1 • Write your problem statement • Write your research questions • Write hypothesis if you are studying relationship/differences • Task 2 • Read the reflection • Identify one researchable problem • Write two(2) research questions

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