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Research writing

Research writing. English – bRENDA WHITE 2013. Argumentative RESEARCH WRITING. The PURPOSE of argumentative research writing is to make a point clearly and support it well.

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Research writing

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  1. Research writing English – bRENDA WHITE 2013

  2. Argumentative RESEARCH WRITING • The PURPOSE of argumentative research writing is to make a point clearly and support it well. • An argumentative paper is not required to persuade a change in opinion, but rather to INFORM through logical arguments and evidence. • An argumentative paper ACKNOWLEDGES the opposing view but immediately and thoroughly discredits it through evidence, never through opinion. • An argumentative paper is well researched, well thoughtout, well stated, and well organized.

  3. ARGUMENTATION & RESEARCH • This essay is two-pronged: It must argue a point that is supported by research. • The writer’s opinion plays no part except to determine the subject of discussion. • All evidence is researched. The evidence is used to make every point supporting the thesis. • Evidence must be credited correctly. Evidence can add credibility, ethos, to your argument. It can bring points that you might otherwise not have discovered. It proves that a variety of intelligent, well-informed sources agree with you.

  4. DISCOVERING A THESIS • Sometimes it is easy to discover what you want to research and argue in the essay. • Because of the extensive nature of research, the topic should ideally be something about which the writer is passionate and wants to become better informed. • The thesis itself should be arguable and comprehensive, but never personal. A comprehensive thesis covers the scope of the entire essay, not just the essential question. • “The rewards of international travel and the resulting familiarity with other cultures provide invaluable experience and perspective to students of any age.” • NOT “I benefitted greatly from international travel.”

  5. SENTENCE OUTLINE • Instead of using words or phrases to complete an outline, a sentence outline uses, guess what, sentences. • Sentences give more complete information and can convey more complex ideas than a few words. • Also, a sentence outline sometimes gives you a leg up when constructing the actual essay, because some sentences are already written for you. • Use a traditional formal outline.

  6. HOW IT LOOKS • Introduction • Thesis in full • Main Idea I stated fully • Main Idea 2 stated fully • Main Idea 3 stated fully • Topic Sentence MI-1 • Detail Main Idea 1 • Detail Main Idea 1 • Discussion of details • Topic Sentence MI-2 • Detail Main Idea 2 • Detail Main Idea 2 • Discussion of details IV. Topic Sentence MI-3 • Detail Main Idea 3 • Detail Main Idea 3 • Discussion of details V. Conclusion • Wrap up topic sentence • Support topic sentence • Echo, do not restate, topic sentence • Final remark In your paper, there will be many more paragraphs than this. Each detail will be cited.

  7. Note cards • Note cards are essential. • There is a definite system. • Source cards – you will need six • Information cards - you will need 40 • Cross-referencing information • Color-coding or highlighting are options for you

  8. NOTE CARD SYSTEM – SOURCE CARDS SOURCE NUMBER1 MLA CITATION McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. Alfred P. Knopf, New York: 2002. Print. EASYBIB.COM is a reliable source for creating MLA-formatted citations. PURDUE OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/05/

  9. NOTE CARD SYSTEM – INFORMATION CARDS Hint: CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT SOURCE USED 1 A DIRECT QUOTE IS BEST, BUT A MAIN IDEA OR PARAPHRASED/SUMMARIZED IDEA IS GOOD AS WELL. Page 11 summarized The boy asks his father directly about his mother and what happened to her. ONLY ONE THOUGHT SHOULD BE USED FOR EACH NOTE CARD.

  10. CROSS-REFERENCING NOTE CARDS • Use the source number on each card to create a citation when you use that information in the research paper. • Use the Hint information at the top to organize the note cards when it is time to put the essay in logical order. That is why having one topic per note card is so essential, because you might have two different topics on the same card otherwise. Hints should match or coordinate with your main ideas as they are on the outline. • You can put the source cards in alphabetical order when creating the Works Cited page.

  11. DO THE WORK UP FRONT • If you are diligent when making note cards and when making the sentence outline, your essay will be measurably easier to put together. • Conversely, poorly-executed preliminary work will come through loud and clear in the finished product, and you will have to work much harder to pull everything together. • There is a reason for this system – it works.

  12. Six sources • You are required to have six sources for this research paper. • Many of these sources will be web-based, and that is acceptable IF the source is reliable. • For our purposes, a web source will be considered reliable if it has a print component. • For instance, you may use any journal, magazine, or newspaper that is online as long as there is also a print version of that information. • Information found via EBSCO host or other recognized databases is acceptable. • One non-linguistic source (cartoon, art, chart) is required.

  13. SYLLOGISM OF SOURCES • Sources are used to prove your premise or argument. • If you depend on an unreliable source to defend your premise, then the premise might be considered to be unreliable as well. • Consequently, sources must be reliable to be effective in your essay and support your premise.

  14. ANTI-SOURCE: wikipedia • Wikipedia and other similar sites are never reliable research sources. Their editors and writers cannot be confirmed and vetted, and the information does not go through any kind of checks or proving before being published. • Wikipedia is a place to start. You might get ideas about what questions to ask. • There might even be some usable links. • But, NEVER use Wikipedia or similar sites as sources on a research paper, never.

  15. Mla FORMAT • MLA stands for Modern Language Association. • All research papers written for English use MLA format. There are other formats such as APA and Turabian that are used in other disciplines. • There are great sources online and in print for MLA format. Use the Purdue OWL site online. Refer to the MLA Manual for Writers of Research Papers, 9th Editionfor a reliable print source. • MLA format must be strictly observed when writing a research paper for this class.

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