Stages of the Oral Presentation Process

1. Consider the audience Choose/narrow a topic Research the topic Select support material Organize and outline Develop an effective introduction and conclusion Rehearse and deliver your speech Stages of the Oral Presentation Process

2. Is it important to you? Is it important to your audience? Will it hold the audience’s attention? Is it manageable in the time available? 5 – 10 minutes Is it appropriate for oral presentation? Is it clear? Choose a Topic

3. Does it have logical divisions? Can you support it? A... B... C... Because... Generate a Main Idea

4. The Divine Wind Love Across Racial Boundaries Friendship Lost and Found Hartley Penrose Narrow the Topic

5. Take Accurate Notes When Researching Record Complete Source Citations Credit Source of Ideas When in Doubt, Cite Source Research the Topic Carefully

6. Chronological Each of the last four decades had an important impact on the roles for women in the American workplace. Topical The advantages to travelling abroad include experiencing new cultures, visiting interesting places, and meeting people with different ideas. Spatial Gang violence has increased in small towns and large cities alike. Organizational Patterns: Examples of Speech Topics

7. Cause-Effect Both increased government spending and decreased tax revenues have resulted in the current budget crisis. Problem-Solution When it becomes more convenient for citizens to get to the polls, voter apathy will decline. Comparison - Contrast The stressful situations that employees encounter at work are both similar to and different from the stressful situations students encounter in college. Organizational Patterns: Examples of Speech Topics

8. Get the Audience’s Attention Introduce the Topic Provide Motivation to Listen Establish Credibility Provide Logical Orientation Provide Overview Functions of Introduction

9. Anecdotal Story Rhetorical Question Quotation Humour Statement of Purpose Types of Introductions

10. Statement of Importance of Topic Identification with Audience Reference to Situation Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic Types of Introductions (cont’d)

11. Statement of Importance of Topic Identification with Audience Reference to Situation Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic Types of Introductions

12. Summarise Speech Re-emphasise Main Idea Motivate Response Provide Closure Functions of Conclusions

13. Refer to Introduction Personal reference Challenge to Audience Vision of the Future Quotation Anecdotal Story Rhetorical Question Humour Types of Conclusion

14. People’s Biggest Fear Death Ranks Third Behind Public Speaking and Snakes Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People

15. Acknowledge Your Fear Act Confidently Prepare Carefully and Well Channel Nervous Energy Overcoming Speech Anxiety

16. Simulate the Speech Setting Practise with Visual Aids Practise Without Memorizing Time the Speech Practise Out Loud Rehearse Your Speech

17. Practise Standing Up Watch Yourself Practise Gestures Practise Eye Contact with Audience Practise Volume, Tone, and Rate Rehearse Your Speech (cont’d)

18. Manuscript Reading Limited Notes Memorized Methods of Delivery

19. Walk Calmly with Confidence to Performance Space Establish Eye Contact Smile Naturally Deliver Introduction Beginning Your Speech

20. Use Effective Eye Contact Use Effective Language Use Effective Gestures Be Enthusiastic Be Conversational Use Notes as Needed During Your Speech

21. Speech Rate and Pauses Volume Inflection, Pitch, and Tone Quality of Voice Pronunciation, Enunciation, and Articulation Elements of Vocal Delivery

22. Adjust Your Appearance to Fit Your Speaking Situation Keep Your Posture Natural Match Your Facial Expressions with Your Message Establish Eye Contact with Your Entire Audience Use Movement to Guide Your Audience’s Attention Adapt Your Gestures to Your Words and Speaking Situation Elements of Physical Delivery

23. “Frame” the Speech Pause Before Returning to Your Seat Accept Applause Graciously Ending Your Speech