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From Human prehistory to early civilizations

From Human prehistory to early civilizations. Chapter 1. How Do we know that the textbook isn’t all LIES?. Early Humans. Clouded in mystery. Little recorded evidence. What we dig up. Some basic facts: People have always had : Religion language

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From Human prehistory to early civilizations

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  1. From Human prehistory to early civilizations Chapter 1

  2. How Do we know that the textbook isn’t all LIES?

  3. Early Humans • Clouded in mystery. • Little recorded evidence. • What we dig up. • Some basic facts: • People have always had : • Religion • language • Culture • Various beliefs exist regarding early humans • History is a story- NARRATIVE • Hunter-gatherers vs Agriculture

  4. The Neolithic Revolution- Traditional Narrative • 10,000 years ago- human began practicing purposeful agriculture; different crops based on location • Population increase- political structure • Established formal communities to pool resources • Hunter, gathering persisted Africa, Asia, N America, became tools of cultural diffusion • Metalworking emerged

  5. Civilization • Core Features: • (1) Cities, (2) political systems, (3) specialization, (4) Status distinctions, (5) collaborative building (6) permanent records, (7) trade, (8) investment in science, technology • Earliest Civilizations almost ALWAYS by rivers.

  6. #1 Tigris-Euphrates civilization • Civilization founded, 4,000 BCE • early innovations: metal, pottery, transportation, legal system • Sumerians • developed writing- CUNEIFORM • used art to represent gods • advanced math to understand seasons • Built ziggurats to worship • professional priests • Epic of Gilgamesh- one of earliest examples of literature • Politics • City states with divine ruling king • Hammurabi’s Code- Babylonian king. One of the earliest known WRITTEN legal codes • Kings, nobles, priests controlled land, wealthy & slaves • Trade- Indus Valley • Religion- Mostly polytheistic- EXCEPTION: Zorostrianism (Persian) monotheistic • Babylonians followed, then Assyrians, Persians, Jews

  7. The Jewish/Semitic PeoplES • 2000 BCE/BC- Abraham called by God • New nation • Enslaved by Egyptians- Moses • 10 Commandments • Government- Monarchy/Theocracy because King was second in command to God who spoke through prophets • Beliefs: • 1 God • Torah- Old Testament

  8. PhOEnIcians • 1100 BCE/CE • East coast Mediterranean • Tyre and Sidon • Sea traders • Hooked on phonics- 22 letter alphabet- precursor to ours.

  9. #4 Chinese civilizations • c. 2,000 Shang dynasty emerged in complete isolation along the Huanghe River, based on leadership of warrior class • Politics: Mandate of Heaven- the emperor rules by the authority of the gods • Religion based in nature • Elaborate building projects suggest strong, central control

  10. #5: American Civilizations • Chavin • Andes Region • Potatoes, maize • Metallurgy • Canals • Foundation of later INca • 2. Olmec • Location: Central America • Trade: Jade • NO RIVER!!! • Calendar- religious • Polytheistic • Disappeared abt. 400 BCE • Foundation of later Maya/Aztec

  11. Commonalities • Religion governs politics, monarchy • Trade • Polytheistic- ALL religious, afterlife in many • Rivers • writing

  12. Major shifts: The 5 Themes in this Period • Foundational civilizations • Technology & Building: wheel, writing, astronomy, mathematics • Political Systems: • Hereditary or Divine Monarchies • City-State or Empire • Religious Ideaswhich will have powerful influence LATER… • Asia focused on nature in harmony with man • Mesopotamia, Africa focused on distinction between man & nature • Jewish, significant regional state in MEast-

  13. Mock TRial • Pass out 4 roles • Defendants choose one Defense attorney • I will choose 3 more and 4 prosecutors

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