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WWI. THE WAR. Review, Causes. M. A. I. N. . Illusions and Stalemate. Before 1914: leaders thought political and economic risks would prevent fighting. Propaganda: ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
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WWI THE WAR
Review, Causes • M. • A. • I. • N.
Illusions and Stalemate • Before 1914: leaders thought political and economic risks would prevent fighting. • Propaganda: ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause • Gov’ts used propaganda to stir up hatred against other ethnic groups and to get support for war.
The Western Front • Schlieffen Plan: called for German troops to go through Belgium into France to surround the French army around Paris.
The Battle of Liege • The Battle of Liege was the 1st land battle of the war. • German troops entered Belgium Aug. 5th, 1914. • The German 2nd Army suffered heavy losses against the outnumbered Belgians. • Had to call in zeppelins to bomb the city • Belgians were forced to surrender an allow the Germans to pass through to France.
First Battle of the Marne • The German advance to Paris was stopped at the Marne River Sept. 6th 1914. • The French used 600 taxi cabs to move 6000 fresh troops to the front lines backed up by the British. • Sept. 6th the German armies began a retreat • Ended German hopes of ending war on Western Front quickly.
Stalemate • Trenches: both sides dug trenches for shelter-neither side could dislodge the other. • Trenches stretched from the English Channel to Switzerland. • Click picture for video
Eastern Front • Battle of Tannenberg and Battle of Masurian Lakes- Germans defeated the Russians pushing them out of Germany • Russians no longer a threat to enter Germany Serbians watching a German airplane pass over.
Eastern Front • Russians defeated Austria-Hung. Army at Galicia and moved them out of Serbia. • Italy joined the Allies opening a southern front. • Germans reinforce A-H troops and push Russia into retreat from Galicia-2.5 mill Russian casualties. • Germans defeated Serbia and turned back to Western Front. • Pic-Russian POWs-German soldier on a horse moving them.
The Great Slaughter • Millions of men died trying to break through enemy lines in the trenches. • The Battle of Verdun • 10 month battle • 700,000 men lost • Only a few miles gained • War of attrition-wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses • Pic: barbed-wire in no-man’s land at Verdun
War in the Air • 1915-airplanes entered war • 1st used for reconnaissance missions-look for troop movement, spying • Added machine guns to the planes-now used in battle • ACES-pilots began to dogfight in the air-5 shot down got the title of ACE • Germans used zeppelins-airships filled with hydrogen- to bomb London
The Red Barron • Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen • German fighter pilot • most successful flying ace of WWI • 80 confirmed air combats victories
Review • Look under your desk for an index card with a question.
Tonight’s assignment: • Tomorrow you will participate in a WWI simulation, Life in the Trenches. • To receive your trench (food) ration (grade) you must research Trench warfare and bring in one fact with your source cited to share with the class. • Information can be from the text or a reliable Internet source.
The Allied and Central Powers sought new allies to give them a winning advantage • Many countries start choosing sides
Widening of the War • The Ottoman Empire was the first power to intervene. • August 11, 1914 the Ottomans allowed two German battleships (Goeben and Breslau) chased by the British fleet to go through the Straits which remained closed to British ships. • On September 26, the Ottoman Empire closed the Straits to commercial shipping, preventing the supply of war materials to Russia.
The Allied Powers declare war on the Ottoman Empire on November 5, 1914 • Bulgaria sides with the Central Powers April 1915. • Allies opened a Balkan front but are forced to withdraw from Gallipoli • Italy joined the Allies and declared war on A-H on May 23, 1915.
Middle East - BR officer known as Lawrence of Arabia urged Arab princes to revolt against Ottoman overlords 1918 BR forces from EGY destroy the OTT Empire After war he served in BR delegation at Paris Peace Conference Promoted the cause of Arab independence Left conference disappointed! A True WORLD Conflict
Preoccupied Germany loses its colonies around the world • Japan seized colonies on the Pacific Island • Australia seized New Guinea • U.S. tries to remain neutral • Lusitania & Zimmer telegram • Admiral Holtzendorff • Mobilizing the U.S. for war
The Home Front Total War • Increased Gov’t Powers • Draft – conscription • Free markets were put aside for planned economies • Rationing • Public Opinion • As the war went on patriotic enthusiasm waned. • GER and others used force to subdue ppl • BR passed DORA (arrest protestors, censor news, etc.) • Propaganda
Women & War • New roles for women / short lived • Suffrage (U.S., BR, GER, AU)
WWI: WAR A&B REVIEW • Identify Germany’s “blank check.” • Explain why G.B. became involved in the war. • How did the war on the Eastern Front differ from war on the Western Front? • Identify the 4 Central Powers. • Why did the Germans resort to unrestricted submarine use? • What was the effect of total war on ordinary citizens?
