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Liquids & Solids

Liquids & Solids. Dr. Ron Rusay Fall 2001. States of Matter. Changes of State. Energy of Phase Changes. Heating Curve for H 2 O. Cp vap =0.48 cal/g x o C. H vapor = +540 cal/g. Cp liq =1.00 cal/g x o C. H fusion = +80.0 cal/g. Cp ice =0.50 cal/g x o C.

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Liquids & Solids

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  1. Liquids & Solids Dr. Ron Rusay Fall 2001

  2. States of Matter

  3. Changes of State

  4. Energy of Phase Changes

  5. Heating Curve for H2O Cpvap=0.48 cal/g xoC Hvapor= +540 cal/g Cpliq=1.00 cal/g xoC Hfusion= +80.0 cal/g Cpice=0.50 cal/g xoC Calculate the heat necessary to completely boil 1.0 kg of ice that is at -5oC. +722.5 kcal = +3,023 kJ

  6. Vapor Pressure vs. Temperature

  7. Vapor Pressures of Liquids

  8. Periodicity: Boiling Point Boiling Point: Temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. Higher vapor pressure : Lower boiling point. Does water boil at the same temperature in Concord and Tahoe?

  9. Boiling Points of Simple Hydrogen Compounds What can explain the trends?

  10. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds in H2O Besides oxygen, both nitrogen and fluorine form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Other atoms DO NOT.

  11. Views of Water 104.5o Angle Dipole Moment

  12. Dissolution of NaCl in Water

  13. Intermolecular ForcesIonic & Polar Interactions:+ and - ;  + ----  -

  14. Ion-Dipole Forces

  15. FG11_004.JPG Dipole-Dipole Forces

  16. Surface Forces of a Liquid Viscosity & Surface Tension of liquids are directly related to the strength of the intermolecular forces: Eg. Water versus gasoline. 1.00 vs 0.20 centipoise and 70 vs. 15 dynes/cm 2 respectively.

  17. Close Packing

  18. Close Packed Spheres

  19. Three Types of Crystalline Solids Ionic Molecular Metallic

  20. Diamond and Graphite

  21. Cross Section of a Metal

  22. Crystal Lattice

  23. Cubic Lattices

  24. Space-Filling Cubic Cells

  25. Crystal Lattice of NaCl

  26. Unit Cell of NaCl

  27. Unit Cells

  28. X-Ray Crystallography

  29. Table 11.6

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