1. Chapter 6SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENTPhases, Tools, and Techniques

2. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

3. SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Centers for Disease Control (CDC) tracks a wealth of information Unfortunately, most of that information is stored in separate IT systems that do not communicate with each other

4. SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT The CDC is using a service-oriented architecture (SoA) to integrate all those systems and information

5. INTRODUCTION Information systems are the support structure for meeting the company’s strategies and goals Why new systems are created:

6. INTRODUCTION • When developing a new system, you have 3 “who” choices… • Insourcing • Selfsourcing • Outsourcing

7. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION • Insourcing and the SDLC • Component-Based Development • Selfsourcing • Prototyping • Outsourcing

8. INSOURCING AND THE SDLC Systems development life cycle (SDLC) Also called a waterfall methodology

9. SDLC Phases & Major Activities

10. SDLC as a Waterfall Methodology

11. Phase 1: Planning Planning phase Three primary planning activities: Define the system to be developed

12. Phase 1: Planning Set the project scope Project scope Scope creep Feature creep Project scope document

13. Phase 1: Planning Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes Project plan Project manager Project milestones

14. Phase 1: Planning Sample Project Plan

15. Phase 2: Analysis Analysis phase

16. Phase 2: Analysis Two primary analysis activities: Gather the business requirements Business requirements Joint application development (JAD)

17. Phase 2: Analysis Prioritize the requirements Requirements definition document

18. Phase 2: Analysis Take time during analysis to get the business requirements correct. If you find errors, fix them immediately. The cost to fix an error in the early stages of the SDLC is relatively small. In later stages, the cost is huge.

19. Phase 3: Design Design phase Two primary design activities: Design the technical architecture Technical architecture

20. Phase 3: Design Design system models Starting with design, you take on less of an active participation role and act more as a “quality control” function, ensuring that the IT people are designing a system to meet your needs

21. Phase 4: Development Development phase Two primary development activities:

22. Phase 5: Testing Testing phase Two primary testing activities: Write the test conditions

23. Phase 5: Testing Perform the testing of the system Unit testing System testing Integration testing User acceptance testing (UAT)

24. Phase 6: Implementation Implementation phase Two primary implementation activities Write detailed user documentation

25. Phase 6: Implementation Provide training for the system users Online training Workshop training

26. Phase 6: Implementation Choose the right implementation method Parallel implementation Plunge implementation Pilot implementation Phased implementation

27. Phase 7: Maintenance Maintenance phase Two primary maintenance activities: Build a help desk to support the system users Provide an environment to support system changes

28. COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT • The SDLC focuses only on the project at hand • Component-based development (CBD) • CBD focuses on

29. Component-Based Development Methodologies Rapid application development (RAD) Extreme programming (XP) Agile methodology

30. Rapid Application Development (RAD) Rapid application development (RAD) (also called rapid prototyping) – Prototypes are models of the software components The development team continually designs, develops, and tests the component prototypes until they are finished

31. Rapid Application Development (RAD) Use already-existing software components Build new software components

32. Extreme Programming (XP) Extreme programming (XP)

33. Agile Methodology Agile methodology

34. SoA – An Architecture Perspective • Service-oriented architecture (SoA) • All CBD methodologies adhere to an SoA • Services are the same as components, which are the same as small self-contained blocks of code • More in Chapter 7

35. SELFSOURCING Selfsourcing (end-user development)

36. Selfsourcing Approach

37. Selfsourcing Approach

38. Selfsourcing Advantages

39. Selfsourcing Disadvantages

40. The Right Tool for the Job End users must have development tools that:

41. PROTOTYPING Prototype Prototyping Proof-of-concept prototype Selling prototype

42. The Prototyping Process The prototyping process involves four steps:

43. The Prototyping Process

44. Advantages of Prototyping

45. Disadvantages of Prototyping

46. OUTSOURCING Outsourcing

47. OUTSOURCING The main reasons behind the rapid growth of the outsourcing industry include the following:

48. Outsourcing Options IT outsourcing for software development can take one of four forms:

49. Outsourcing Options

50. Outsourcing Process