1 / 30

Sodium: To salt or not to salt?

Sodium: To salt or not to salt?. Why Sodium?. What is Sodium?. Essential mineral in small amounts Electrolyte Table salt – Sodium and Chloride (NaCl). Function in Body. Helps maintain balance of fluids Helps transmit nerve impulses Influences contraction and relaxation of muscles.

leora
Télécharger la présentation

Sodium: To salt or not to salt?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Sodium: To salt or not to salt?

  2. Why Sodium?

  3. What is Sodium? • Essential mineral in small amounts • Electrolyte • Table salt – Sodium and Chloride (NaCl)

  4. Function in Body • Helps maintain balance of fluids • Helps transmit nerve impulses • Influences contraction and relaxation of muscles

  5. Function in Food • Preservatives • Inhibits growth of food-borne pathogens • Modify flavor • Binds ingredients • Enhances color • Stabilizer

  6. 2005 Dietary Guidelines • 2,300 mg – Healthy Adult • 1,500 mg – High blood pressure, kidney disease or diabetes • Average American consumes 3,500 mg daily http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sodium/NU00284

  7. High Sodium Foods • Frozen Meals • Tomato Sauce • Soups • Condiments • Canned Foods • Prepared Mixes

  8. http://www.quitehealthy.com/nutrition-facts/food-labels/labelL218731.gifhttp://www.quitehealthy.com/nutrition-facts/food-labels/labelL218731.gif

  9. http://www.quitehealthy.com/nutrition-facts/food-labels/labelL218731.gifhttp://www.quitehealthy.com/nutrition-facts/food-labels/labelL218731.gif

  10. Sodium equivalents • ¼ teaspoon salt = 600 mg • ½ teaspoon salt = 1,200 mg • ¾ teaspoon salt = 1,800 mg • 1 teaspoon salt = 2,300 mg • 1 teaspoon baking soda = 1,000 mg

  11. Food Labels • Sodium Free <5 mg/serving • Very Low <35 mg/serving • Low Sodium <140 mg/serving • Reduced Sodium – Usual sodium level is reduced by 25% • “healthy” <480 mg/serving • “meal type” <600 mg/serving

  12. Fat Free Healthier? Regular Ritz Reduced Fat 135 mg/16 g 160 mg/15 g http://www.poundland.co.uk/images/21/original/ritz-crackers.jpg http://d3hqdt8j93rgvn.cloudfront.net/Image/MEDIUM_8a78c6e02140d93101214442d0bb220c.jpg

  13. Campbell’s Soup Regular Low Sodium 890 mg/can 140 mg/can http://momcentral.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83452063e69e20120a5254647970c-800wi http://eatlowsodium.com/osc/images/Campbell%20Chicken%20Noodle%20Soup.jpg

  14. Sea Salt • Grains obtained from the natural evaporation of seawater • Undergoes little or no refining technique which allows it to retain natural traces of other minerals • Contains same amount of sodium as table salt

  15. Potassium chloride • Used as a salt substitute • Provides the salty flavor and helps extend shelf-life • Known to posses a bitter or metallic aftertaste • Health risks involved with high intakes

  16. High Sodium Diet Example • Breakfast ¾ cup Cheerios – 159 mg 1 cup milk – 107 mg Breakfast bar – 105 mg • Lunch Turkey sandwich 2 slices bread – 205 mg 2 oz turkey – 680 mg 1 slice American cheese – 250 mg 1 Tbsp Mayo – 70 mg Chips – 120 mg 16 oz coke – 60 mg • Dinner 2 cup Cheeseburger Macaroni Hamburger Helper – 1620 mg • Total= 3376 mg (146% over recommended)

  17. Low Sodium Diet Example • Breakfast ½ cup Oatmeal – 0 mg Banana – 0 mg 1 cup Cranberry juice – 35 mg • Lunch 1 cup pasta – 183 mg ½ cup marinara sauce – 525 mg Apple – 0 mg • Dinner Chicken breast – 64 mg 2/3 cup brown rice – 10 mg 1 cup asparagus – 5 mg • Total = 812 mg

  18. Sodium Intake and Disease Let’s look at which diseases may be related to high sodium intake.

  19. Sodium health links • High blood pressure • Heart Disease • Stroke

  20. High blood pressure • Also known as hypertension • Normal 120/80 mm Hg • Pre-Hypertension (120-139)/(80-89) mm Hg • Stage 1 Hypertension (140-159)/(99-90) mm Hg • Stage 2 Hypertension 160/100 mm Hg

  21. High blood pressure • Most people have no signs or symptoms • Risk Factors: • Age – Middle aged men/post menopausal women • Race – African American • Family History • Sedentary Lifestyle • High sodium intake/low potassium intake • Alcohol and tobacco use

  22. Sodium insensitive hypertension • Resistance of blood pressure changes with decreased sodium intake • 2007 study, Florida, 45 people, 1 year • Goal was to reduce body weight by 7% • Restricted diets • Brisk walking 150 min/week • Salt sensitivity was tested at beginning and end of trial • Salt resistant participants were defined by lack of blood pressure lowering after correction of obesity and related metabolic abnormalities

  23. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Study • 412 Adults assigned to one of the following diets • DASH diet: Emphasize fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy products, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts • Typical US diet • Results: The DASH diet significantly lowered blood pressure • Long-term health benefits depend on the ability of people to make long-lasting dietary changes and the increased availability of lower-sodium foods

  24. Heart disease • Number 1 cause of death worldwide • Often caused by a buildup of fatty plaques in arteries • Risk Factors • Age • Gender – Men • Family History • Smoking • High blood pressure/cholesterol levels • Diabetes and obesity

  25. Research Study • Follow-up study previously on a previous population of pre-hypertension adults • Individual and group counseling sessions specific to sodium reduction • Questionnaire given 10 years later found: • Involvement in sodium reduction intervention lowered CVD risk by 25-30%

  26. Stroke • Blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced • Caused by a blockage in an artery or blood vessel leak or burst • Risk Factors: • Family History • Age – 55 or older • High blood pressure/cholesterol • Diabetes and obesity • Tobacco and alcohol use

  27. At-risk populations • High blood pressure • Kidney disease • Diabetes • African American • Middle-aged or older

  28. Reducing Sodium Intake What are some lifestyle changes that you could make to reduce your sodium intake?

  29. Ways to reduce sodium intake • Food items without added salts • Unsalted nuts, seeds, beans • Limit salty snacks (pretzels and chips) • Avoid adding salt and canned vegetables to homemade dishes • Unsalted and sodium, fat-free broths and soups • Skim or 1% milk • Low sodium, low fat cheeses • Add spices and herbs to enhance taste • Add fresh lemon juice instead of salt to fresh vegetables

  30. Summary • Sodium has many functions in food • flavor, texture, preservation • 2005 Dietary Guidelines • 2,300 mg per day • Read Food Labels • High sodium intake linked to high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke

More Related