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w ater （ H 2 O ）

What the matters are made out of ?. electrons （ e ）. proton （ p ）. w ater （ H 2 O ）. 3 quarks. o xygen atom （ O ）. neutron （ n ）. 3 quarks. http :// atlas.kek.jp/public/HiggsCERNOpenDays_A4.pdf (or _each.pdf or _each.pptx). d. Quarks are very strange !!. u. u. u.

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w ater （ H 2 O ）

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  1. What the matters are made out of ? electrons（e） proton （p） water （H2O） 3 quarks oxygen atom （O） neutron （n） 3 quarks http://atlas.kek.jp/public/HiggsCERNOpenDays_A4.pdf (or _each.pdf or _each.pptx)

  2. d Quarks are very strange !! u u u • Single quark never come out. • They have fractional charges: • up quarks • down quarks • - Strong forces between quarks. proton neutron pion

  3. There are 4 forces in Nature Electro- magnetic Strong>>Weak>>>Gravity Light, atom, crystal, radio, TV, phone, car, rain, thunder,….. Sun/star energy, radio activities.. …… Falling apples, planet motions, satellite……. Bind quarks and making nucleus These forces are carried by Gluons PhotonsW, Z bosons Gravitons

  4. Elements of the Standard Model Mass

  5. Introduced Spontaneous Symmetry Breakdown (1959) CERNT-shirt Y. Nambu 2013 2008 1979 R. Brout&F. Englert, P.Higgs Found BEH mechanism (1964) Standard Model Higgs field f must exist to generate particle masses. S.WeinbergA.Salam QCD of strong interactions (1973) Proposed Electro-weak theory (1967)

  6. Potential Energy by Higgs field F=Higgs field free motion Glashow-Weinberg-Salam Model Higgs-electron coupling Symmetry Breakdown We are here h= wave function of Higgs particle Vacuum expectation value Mass of electron Mass of Higgs

  7. g hot universe u Z Speed of light g H u H H H cold universe H H H H H H H H Z H Sea of the Higgs field (weak forcesensitive) H H H H

  8. Sta SUSY particles may exist ? SUSY = symmetry between Bosons and Fermions. Spins of SUSY particles differ from those of SM. If SUSY particles exist at ~1 TeV, then 3 forces can unify at high energy. It avoids quantum divergence of Higgs particle mass. Some SUSY particles can be dark matters. Standard Model Super Symmetric Model

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