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Biology Review

Biology Review. Cell Structure and Function Review. 1. Cell specialization means that cells in an organism are uniquely suited to carry on reproduction. respond to changing conditions. react with the environment. perform a specific function. Cell Structure and Function Review.

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Biology Review

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  1. Biology Review

  2. Cell Structure and Function Review 1. Cell specialization means that cells in an organism are uniquely suited to • carry on reproduction. • respond to changing conditions. • react with the environment. • perform a specific function.

  3. Cell Structure and Function Review 2. Which organisms are composed of cells that do not contain nuclei? • eukaryotes • prokaryotes • animals • plants

  4. Cell Structure and Function Review 3. Which two organelles occur in plant cells but not animal cells? • nuclear envelopes and nuclei • cell membranes and chromosomes • cell walls and chloroplasts • ribosomes and chloroplasts

  5. Cell Structure and Function Review 4. Of the following, the term that includes all the others is • nucleolus. • nuclear envelope. • nucleus. • chromosome.

  6. Cell Structure and Function Review 5. If a more concentrated salt solution is on one side of a membrane and a less concentrated salt solution is on the other side, water molecules tend to pass through the membrane • from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution. • from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. • equally in both directions. • until the cell membrane is broken down.

  7. Cell Structure and Function Review 6. All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPT • muscle. • fat. • stomach. • blood.

  8. Cell Structure and Function Review 8. All cells contain a • cell wall. • cell membrane. • nucleus. • mitochondrion.

  9. Cell Structure and Function Review 9. Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is CORRECT? • It prevents the exit of all materials from the cell. • It has a rigid structure composed of cellulose. • It is a two-layered structure composed of lipids and proteins. • It is a fluid-filled organelle that surrounds the nucleolus.

  10. Photosynthesis Review 1. Chlorophyll is important in the • formation of carbon dioxide. • reactions of the Calvin cycle. • formation of ADP from NADP+. • absorption of light energy.

  11. Photosynthesis Review 2. The reactants of photosynthesis are • CO2 and H2O. • CO2 and H2. • C and O2. • C and H2.

  12. Photosynthesis Review 3. The major products of the light-dependent reactions are • ATP and NADPH. • oxygen and water. • carbon dioxide and water. • ATP and sugars.

  13. Photosynthesis Review 5. The release of energy in an organism depends on the conversion of • AMP to ADP. • ADP to ATP. • ATP to ADP. • ATP to AZP.

  14. Photosynthesis Review 6. All of the following are true about the thylakoid membrane EXCEPT that it • is the site of chlorophyll molecules. • contains photosystems I and II. • is the site of the Calvin cycle. • is composed of lipids and proteins.

  15. Photosynthesis Review 7. At the end of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis, high-energy electrons are passed to • NADPH. • NADP+. • ATP. • AMP.

  16. Photosynthesis Review 8. The synthesis and breakdown of ATP within the cells is controlled by • active transport. • the cell membrane. • the nucleus. • enzymes.

  17. Photosynthesis Review 10. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used to make sugars in the • thylakoids. • Calvin cycle. • light-dependent reactions. • Electron transport chain.

  18. Respiration Review 1. In the Krebs cycle, • glucose is broken down into CO2 and H2O. • ATP is broken down into ADP and AMP. • CO2 is converted into pyruvic acid. • pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 and H2O.

  19. Respiration Review 2. Cellular respiration benefits organisms by • forming carbon dioxide. • breaking down glucose. • transferring energy to ATP. • consuming oxygen.

  20. Respiration Review 3. The most important product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is • ATP. • NADH. • ADP. • NAD+.

  21. Respiration Review 4. The first set of reactions in cellular respiration is • the Calvin cycle. • the Krebs cycle. • electron transport. • glycolysis.

  22. Respiration Review 5. Which compounds are produced by the two main types of fermentation? • NAD+ or ATP • alcohol or lactic acid • glucose or carbon dioxide • ADP or ATP

  23. Respiration Review 6. In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is • carbon dioxide. • oxygen. • water. • ATP.

  24. Respiration Review 7. The energy that is released during cellular respiration is stored as • ATP and NADH. • ATP and NAD+. • ADP and NADH. • ADP and NAD+.

  25. Respiration Review 8. In glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into • six molecules of carbon dioxide. • four molecules of ATP. • two molecules of pyruvic acid. • two molecules of ATP.

  26. Respiration Review 9. Each of the following processes releases energy from glucose EXCEPT • photosynthesis. • glycolysis. • cellular respiration. • fermentation.

  27. Cell Growth and Division Review 1. In the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs during the • S phase. • G1 phase. • G2 phase. • M phase.

  28. Cell Growth and Division Review 2. In mitosis, sister chromatids separate during • metaphase. • prophase. • anaphase. • telophase.

  29. Cell Growth and Division Review 5. Chromosomes are made up of • nuclear RNA. • DNA and protein. • protein. • DNA.

  30. Cell Growth and Division Review 6. At the end of mitosis, each daughter cell has • the same number and kinds of chromosomes as in the parent cell. • the same number but different kinds of chromosomes as in the parent cell. • twice the number of chromosomes as in the parent cell. • half the number of chromosomes as in the parent cell.

  31. Cell Growth and Division Review 7. In mitosis, each of the following is correct EXCEPT that the • spindle forms during telophase. • nucleolus disappears during prophase. • chromosomes line up across the equator during metaphase. • sister chromatids become separate chromosomes during anaphase.

  32. Cell Growth and Division Review 8. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their • size. • weight. • mass. • growth.

  33. Cell Growth and Division Review 9. As a cell grows larger, its volume increases • at the same rate as its surface area. • more slowly than its surface area. • more quickly than its surface area. • with no relationship to surface area.

  34. Cell Growth and Division Review 10. The rate at which waste products are produced by a cell depends on its • weight. • mass. • volume. • surface area.

  35. Heredity Review 1. Offspring produced by crossing parents that have different characteristics are called • alleles. • F2. • homologs. • hybrids.

  36. Heredity Review 2. A Punnett square is used to determine the • result of meiosis I. • result of segregation. • probable outcome of a cross. • actual outcome of a cross.

  37. Heredity Review 3. The probability that an event will occur in a certain number of trials is calculated by dividing the number of times the event occurs by the • number of times the event is expected to occur. • number of times the event occurred previously. • number of times the event does not occur. • number of trials when the event could occur.

  38. Heredity Review 4. Meiosis produces • two genetically identical haploid cells. • four genetically identical haploid bodies. • four genetically different diploid cells. • four genetically different haploid cells.

  39. Heredity Review 5. What assorts independently during meiosis? • chromosomes • genes • alleles • phenotypes

  40. Heredity Review 6. If a hybrid has a phenotype that is midway between the phenotypes of its true-breeding parents, the trait being studied is probably controlled by • incompletely dominant alleles. • codominant alleles. • multiple alleles. • linked genes.

  41. Heredity Review 7. An important function of meiosis is to • increase the diploid chromosome number of a species. • maintain the diploid chromosome number of a species. • increase the number of dominant alleles. • increase the number of recessive alleles.

  42. Heredity Review 8. The genetic makeup of an individual is its • genotype. • phenotype. • F1. • F2.

  43. Heredity Review 9. In guinea pigs, black color is dominant. When two hybrid black guinea pigs are crossed, the probability of producing a white guinea pig is • 1/2. • 1/4. • 1/3. • 3/4.

  44. Heredity Review 10. The effects of a dominant allele are seen • only if both alleles are dominant. • only if the other allele is recessive. • regardless of the other allele. • only in female offspring.

  45. DNA Review 1. If one strand of DNA has the sequence of nitrogenous bases AACTG, its complementary strand has the sequence • TTGAC. • AACTG. • UUBAC. • AACUC.

  46. DNA Review 3. Transfer RNA is important in • synthesizing RNA codons. • assembling ribosomes. • transporting messenger RNA. • adding amino acids to a polypeptide.

  47. DNA Review 4. A frameshift mutation usually produces a • change in the structure of ribosomal RNA. • more drastic change than a point mutation. • change in the appearance of a chromosome. • new segment of DNA in several genes.

  48. DNA Review 5. The DNA that results from replication consists of • one molecule with two new strands and one molecule with the two original strands. • two molecules that each contain one new strand and one original strand. • two molecules composed of new strands. • two molecules composed of old strands.

  49. DNA Review 6. The information that directs protein synthesis is contained in DNA's • sugars. • phosphate groups. • nitrogenous bases. • enzymes.

  50. DNA Review 7. The Hershey-Chase experiments on bacteriophages showed that the genetic information is carried in • proteins. • bacteria. • DNA. • RNA.

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