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Median Income: Family Households

Median Income: Family Households. Employment of Recent HS Grads. Poverty Rate (all persons). Poverty Rate (Children). Teen Birth Rates. Births to Unmarried Mothers. Children Living w/ both Parents. Infant Mortality. Life Expectancy. Urban Segregation in 20th Century: Blacks vs. Immigrants.

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Median Income: Family Households

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  1. Median Income: Family Households

  2. Employment of Recent HS Grads

  3. Poverty Rate (all persons)

  4. Poverty Rate (Children)

  5. Teen Birth Rates

  6. Births to Unmarried Mothers

  7. Children Living w/ both Parents

  8. Infant Mortality

  9. Life Expectancy

  10. Urban Segregation in 20th Century: Blacks vs. Immigrants Source: Cutler, Glazer and Vigdor 2005

  11. Asset Ownership (Wealth)

  12. Test Scores

  13. Popularity and Grades (’94-’95)

  14. Crime Declines Sharply, I

  15. Growth in Imprisonment since 1970

  16. A Huge Racial Disparity of Policy Impact

  17. Racial Disparity in Incarceration: 1982-2001

  18. The Inequality of Imprisonment

  19. Inequality growing over time

  20. Whites use drugs more than blacks

  21. Blacks arrested more than whites

  22. Drug Prices, Emergency Treatment and Incarceration Rates: 1980-2000

  23. Rise and Decline of Crack Trade?

  24. The New Poverty Governance: Change in Numbers Incarcerated and Receiving Cash Aid:1990-2000

  25. Race Matters: The Effect of Black Caseload Percentage on Welfare Policy Choices in an “Average State”

  26. Mid-1960s: a policy long racialized in practice becomes racialized in media coverage and in the public mind Correlation: r = .03 (1950-65) r = .68 (1966-96)

  27. The New Poverty Governance: Change in Numbers Incarcerated and Receiving Cash Aid:1990-2000

  28. Race Matters: The Effect of Black Caseload Percentage on Welfare Policy Choices in an “Average State”

  29. Public Policy and Racial/Ethnic Disparities Distributive Disparities: who gets more or less, and why Civic Disparities: how groups are positioned in relation to one another and vis-à-vis major societal institutions The Social Question: How can solidarity (or inclusive and equal membership) be achieved in a society divided by ethnic identities as well as material inequalities? How do public policies organize governance and define terms of membership for different social groups?

  30. Civic Incorporation as a Goal of Poverty Policy Europe • Unemployment and welfare dependence as problems of “social exclusion” • Labor activation as a strategy for incorporation into the societal “mainstream” United States (The New Paternalism) • Social dysfunction, behavioral pathology, and personal disorganization as sources of societal marginality • “Telling the Poor What to Do” (Help and Hassle) • Directive, supervisory, and punitive policies • Supports to enable preferred behavior

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