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Robotics

Robotics. Robots. Mechanical or virtual artificial agent guided by a program or electronic circuitry of varying autonomy Virtual robots often known as ‘bots’ Range from industrial, humanoid, nano - or utilitarian. History. 400 BC: First “robot” constructed by Archytas

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Robotics

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  1. Robotics

  2. Robots • Mechanical or virtual artificial agent guided by a program or electronic circuitry of varying autonomy • Virtual robots often known as ‘bots’ • Range from industrial, humanoid, nano- or utilitarian

  3. History • 400 BC: First “robot” constructed by Archytas • 1495: First humanoid robot created by Leonardo da Vinci • 1738: Jacques de Vaucanson’s mechanical duck • 1898: Tesla’s remote controlled robotic boat

  4. History • 1941: Asimov’s Three Laws • 1961: Unimate, the first industrial robot • 1977: Voyager I and Voyager II • 2002: Roomba • 2010: Robonaut 2

  5. Recent advances • ASIMO • DARPA’s Cheetah • BigDog • Violin Playing • Geminoids

  6. Computer Intelligence Sean Yang

  7. Intelligence • Definition: • Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from, understand, and interact with one’s environment. This general ability consists of a number of specific abilities:: • Adaptability • Knowledge • Reasoning and abstract thought • Comprehending • Evaluating and judging • Production of original and productive thought • How to decide if a machine such as a computer is intelligent?

  8. The Turing Test • Alan Turing • 1951 • “The Imitation Game” • If judge as likely to pick human or computer, passable simulation and hence, intelligent

  9. Natural Language Processing Eliza Mybot

  10. Objections to Turing Test • a behavioral test • Not based on inner • Can we pass the Turing Test while still possessing no “real” intelligence?

  11. The Chinese Room

  12. The Argument • Weak AI • Operations on formal symbols • Do not exhibit understanding • Strong AI • said to understand • provide answers to questions • explains human ability

  13. Can Machines Be Creative?

  14. Harold Cohen & AARON • English painter • Director of Center for Research in Computing and the Arts (CRCA) at UCSD • Harold Cohen and AARON

  15. AARON automatic painter

  16. Iamus computer • computer cluster • Universidad de Málaga. • composes full pieces of contemporary classical music. • 8 minutes to create a full composition • Adsum in concert Iamusfirst complete album composed by a computer and recorded by human musicians

  17. Technological Singularity

  18. Core ideas • Law of Accelerating Returns • “Intelligence explosion” • Intelligence amplification (IA)

  19. Ray Kurzweil • Major proponent • Predicted the singularity to occur in 2045 • Author, inventor, and futurist • Google’s director of engineering • TED Talk

  20. Law of Accelerating Returns • Similar to Moore’s Law • Proposed by Ray Kurzweil

  21. Intelligence Amplification • Coined by William Ross Ashby • Integrating human parts with machine parts • Current examples: Cochlear implants, bionic eye • In the future: Replacing slow neurons with faster integrated circuits • Kurzweil(6:00)

  22. Issues to consider • Ethically acceptable to integrate ourselves with technology? • Can human behavior be spelled out in an algorithm? • Is the current rate of increase in computing power sustainable?

  23. Robot Ethics

  24. Two Types • Machine Ethics - Concerned with the behavior of artificial moral agents (AMAs) • Roboethics- Concerned with the behavior of humans, how humans design, construct, use and treat robots and other artificially intelligent beings

  25. Machine Ethics • What is an artificial moral agent? • What qualities should robots have in order to be held morally accountable for their actions? • Telerobots • Autonomy • Intentionality • Responsibility • Self-Motivated, Goal-Driven • Why do we care? • HAL 9000 / i, Robot • Nurse

  26. Asimov’s Laws of Robotics • A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. • A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. • A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. • Few problems. • Type of harm. • Not all humans have equal status. • Deadlock. • Others.

  27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J71XWkh80nc

  28. Roboethics • What should roboticists keep in mind when developing robots? • Is it right for roboticists to create “life?” • If a morally accountable robot were to be created, should it be given equal status as humans? • What would it take to deserve equal status? • What would happen if they were of higher status? • Applications: Biotech/Medicine, Military

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