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Economy and Government of SW Asia

Economy and Government of SW Asia. Chapter 13 Lessons 1-3. The Power of Oil. OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Includes both Arab and non-Arab countries OPEC’s Goal: To control oil prices by limiting petroleum. The Power of Oil-cont. Success of OPEC

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Economy and Government of SW Asia

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  1. Economy and Government of SW Asia Chapter 13 Lessons 1-3

  2. The Power of Oil • OPEC • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Includes both Arab and non-Arab countries • OPEC’s Goal: • To control oil prices by limiting petroleum

  3. The Power of Oil-cont. • Success of OPEC • For a time prices soared • Failures of OPEC • Organization did not have absolute control over oil market • Countries seeking oil looked elsewhere for supply • Countries looked for alternative forms of energy and ways to conserve energy • Some OPEC members abandoned efforts because they needed the money from the sale of their oil

  4. Arab-Israeli Conflicts • Arab nationalists competed with Jewish nationalists over land ownership • Arab nationalist: Arab speaking people who wanted to unite into a single country • Zionists: Jewish nationalist who wanted a Jewish state in Palestine (homeland of ancient Hebrews)

  5. Arab-Israeli Conflicts-cont. • Massive numbers of survivors of Holocaust moved to Palestine at the end of WWII • Arabs living in Palestine did not want the Jews there

  6. Arab-Israeli Conflicts-cont. • Jews proclaimed the state of Israel in 1948 • Arab nations attacked • Israel won all 4 wars fought • Israel took the lands of Palestinians and forced them into refugee camps • Conflict remains today

  7. Iran • Shah modernized Iran • Introduced Western technology • Tried to make Iran a secular state • Promoted Iranian nationalism • Forced Iranians to wear Western style clothing • Banned veil • Urged men and women to appear in public together

  8. Iran-cont. • Disapproval of Shah’s policies • Many people angered that Shah used iron-hand to rule • Many people angered by government’s corruption • Shiite leaders blamed social problems on Shah’s western secular policies

  9. Iran’s Islamic Revolution • Islamization: the creation of governments based on conservative Islamic traditions • Demand strict moral code and religious observance • Ayatollah Khomeini • Leader of Islamic Revolution • Opposed Shah and Western policies

  10. Iran’s Islamic Revolution-cont. • Ayatollah Khomeini changed Iranian law • Created a theocracy (government that claims to rule with divine authority) • Wrote new law code based on Shariah and Quran

  11. Iran’s Islamic Revolution-cont. • Ayatollah Khomeini changed Iranian law • Banned Western movies, music, and other western influences seen as corrupt or evil • Forced women to wear chador, head to foot covering • Forbid women to attend school with men

  12. Middle Eastern Nations • Most established after WWII • Most established from lands colonized by United Kingdom and France

  13. Vocabulary • Socialism: system that gives government ownership of at least some economic enterprises • Mixed economies: combination of government ownership and private ownership • Arab nationalism: Arab speaking people uniting into a single nation

  14. Vocabulary-cont. • Zionists: Jewish nationalist who desired a Jewish state • Theocracy: government that claims to rule with divine authority

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