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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Revolution and the Early Republic. Section 1: Colonial Resistance and Rebellion. A. End of Salutary Neglect 1. GB broke 2. Colonies should pay for their own defense Still traded w/other countries despite Navigation Laws. B. Colonial Taxes 1. Sugar Act (1764)

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Revolution and the Early Republic

  2. Section 1: Colonial Resistanceand Rebellion • A. End of Salutary Neglect • 1. GB broke • 2. Colonies should pay for their own defense • Still traded w/other countries despite Navigation Laws

  3. B. Colonial Taxes • 1. Sugar Act (1764) • 2. Quartering Act (1764) • 3. Stamp Act(1765) – paper tax for defense • Stamp Act Congress; boycotts • Samuel Adams & Sons of Liberty • Taxes repealed

  4. 4. Why did colonists protest? • Taxes actually lower than in GB • BUT, violators denied right to jury trial

  5. C. Colonial Protests • 1. Boston Massacre (1770) – 5 colonists killed • 2. Boston Tea Party(1773)

  6. 3. Lexington/Concord (1775) – first battles • 4. Bunker Hill (1775) • King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion

  7. 5. Common Sense(1776) by Thomas Paine • a. Called for independence & a republic • 6. Second Continental Congress (1776) • a. Finally discussed independence • b. George Washington appointed as commander of Continental Army

  8. 7. Declaration of Independence (1776) • a. Mostly written by Thomas Jefferson • b. Reference to Locke’s ideas • 1. Natural rights • 2. Social Contract

  9. “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed.” http://soomopublishing.com/declaration

  10. Section 2: Revolutionary War (1775-1783) • A. Loyalists (GB) vs. Patriots (USA) • 1. GB had more advantages & won most of the battles

  11. 2. Saratoga (1777) • Won by patriots!!! • Led to French aid ($$$ and navy) • 3. Yorktown (1781) • Last major battle • B. Treaty of Paris(1783) • 1. US given independence • 2. GB gave away land west to MS River

  12. Section 3: Confederation and Constitution • A. Colonial History with Government • 1. republic • 2. limited & representative government • B. Important English Documents • 1. Magna Carta(1215) – jury trial, due process, limited monarch • 2. English Bill of Rights (1689) – guaranteed citizens specific rights

  13. C. Impact of Revolution • 1. Political • a. increased suffrage • b. republican motherhood • c. some egalitarianism • Abolition of slavery in many northern states (free blacks) • 2. Economic • a. US ships barred from GB harbors • b. Loyalist lands taken and divided

  14. D. The Untied States of America • 1. Articles of Confederation(1781-1789) • a. first US constitution • b. Strengths • Postal system • Treaties • Northwest Ordinance of 1787– process for admitting new states

  15. c. Weaknesses • Weak central gov’t • No executive • No national judiciary • No power to regulate commerce • No power to levy taxes • 2. Shays’ Rebellion(1786) • Farmer protest against MA taxes quickly led to anarchy

  16. E. Constitutional Convention (1787, Philadelphia) • 1. original purpose to strengthen AOC • James Madison= “Father of Constitution” • document based on compromises • 2. Central Gov’t: strong vs. weak? • separation of powers • checks and balances • federalism – central gov’t and states share power

  17. 3. Large states (VA) vs. small states (NJ): representation? • Great/CT Compromise– bicameral legislature • 4. Slavery? • Three-Fifths Compromise • Slave Trade Compromise E Pluribus Unum

  18. F. Ratification (only needed 9/13) • 1. Federalists – FOR strong central gov’t • The Federalist Papers (Hamilton, Madison) • 2. Anti-Federalists – AGAINST strong central gov’t • desire for Bill of Rights • States’ rights • No standing army

  19. The Federalist, No. 51, James Madison, 1788. • “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. …It may be a reflection on human nature that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. …In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place to oblige it to control itself.”

  20. US CONSTITUTION (Sept.17, 1787) • Article 1 = Legislature • Section 8 = Powers Granted to Congress • Article 2 = Executive • Article 3 = Judicial • Article 4 = Agreements between States • Article 5 = Amending the Constitution • Article 6 = Constitution is Supreme Law of the Land • Article 7 = Ratification process • Bill of Rights = first 10 Amendments (1791, Madison)

  21. 27 Amendments

  22. Section 4: Launching the New Nation • A. George Washington (1789-1797) • 1. first cabinet • 2. Judiciary Act(1789) – created Supreme Court and lower courts • 3. kept US out of war b/n GB & Fr. • 4. creation of Bank of US • Arguments over it led to 1st political parties (Federalists vs. Dem-Repubs.) • 5. Farewell Address – no permanent alliances & no political parties

  23. Washington’s Retirement Home:Mount Vernon, VA

  24. B. John Adams (1797-1801, Federalist) • 1. Alien & Sedition Acts(1798) • Thinly veiled attempt to prevent Dem-Repubs from coming into country • 2. VA & KY Resolutions– nullification of Alien & Sedition Acts • 3. XYZ Affair (1798) – 3 French officials tried to bribe US diplomats during undeclared naval war http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afB5NJmER5M

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