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Salmon Spawning Habitat and Sediments

Salmon Spawning Habitat and Sediments. Brad Dunker Municipal Creeks Coordinator Municipality of Anchorage Parks & Recreation. Overview. Salmon ecology and behavior during in-migration and spawning What are some impacts of fine sediments on salmon habitat

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Salmon Spawning Habitat and Sediments

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  1. Salmon Spawning Habitat and Sediments Brad Dunker Municipal Creeks Coordinator Municipality of Anchorage Parks & Recreation

  2. Overview • Salmon ecology and behavior during in-migration and spawning • What are some impacts of fine sediments on salmon habitat • Why sediment control and road crossings are important to salmon

  3. Physical Parameters and Embryonic Development

  4. Salmon Ecology • Important factors include: • Temperature • Habitat availability • Water velocity • In-redd flows

  5. Temperature

  6. Temperature • 13-16° C= ideal temperature for fish to gain weight (in lab) • 22-25° C fish stop feeding/spawning • +25° C mortality occurs • Especially critical for juvenile salmon

  7. Habitat and Velocity • Substrate is important for embryonic and juvenile salmon survival • Provides: • UV Protection • Crushing/Vibration impacts • Cover from predation • Water Velocity is related to substrate and causes impacts on redds

  8. Redd Making

  9. Redd Attributes

  10. Habitat and Sediment • Fine sediments (% of fines) is critical to habitat quality • Reduces: • Oxygen Supply • Metabolic waste removal • Ability to stabilize temperature • Success of aelvan emergence

  11. In-gravel Flow

  12. Sediment and Embryo Survival

  13. “Good” Sediments? • Natural Gravel transport • Gravels native to that stream system that naturally flows downstream • Human Gravel transport • Gravels not native to that stream system that are placed by construction activities or restoration projects

  14. Gravel Augmentation Project

  15. Gravel information • Handling: • Typically handled around 10 times before it is placed in a culvert/streambed • Sits in yards after it is processed gaining sediments • Must meet native gravel size criteria to be effective

  16. Construction Tips • Equipment • RUBBER TIRES! • Environmentally-friendly fluids in equipment • Storage sites away from stream bank • Gravel quality and specs

  17. Thanks!

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