Revolution and Change in France

1. Revolution and Change in France Chapter 23 Section 2

2. Key Terms • Louis Philippe • Louis Napoleon • Dreyfus Affair • Anti-Semitism • Theodor Herzl • Zionism

3. A King Abdicates • After Louis XVII died Charles X inherited the throne • 1830 Charles suspend the legislature • People revolt • Charles abdicates and flees to London

4. A King Abdicates • News of revolution gets to Metternich • “My life’s work is destroyed.” • His reactionary ideals and absolute monarchies were crumbling • Metternich feared revolution would spread through the continent

5. The Reign of Louis Philippe • Took over a constitutional monarchy • Was an aristocrat and popular with the middle class • Called the citizen because he wore regular clothes • Called the citizen king

6. The Reign of Louis Philippe • He increased the number of voters • Limited freedom of the press • Rule became increasingly repressive • Silenced those who opposed him

7. The Reign of Louis Philippe • Working people grew poorer • Middle class and aristocracy became more prosperous • King’s popularity deteriorated rapidly • Economic depression made life more difficult

8. The Revolution of 1848 • Sparked by a ban of a banquet planned by reformers • Louis Philippe quickly abdicated • Citizens formed a new government • Voters elected Napoleon’s nephew

9. Revolution of 1848 • Louis Napoleon becomes president • Second Republic • All adult French men had the right to vote • Created a Republican government • Fueled women’s rights • Inspired revolutions across Europe

10. Napoleon III and the second Empire • Constitution allowed the president to serve for four years • Napoleon wanted to stay in office • He arrested members of the National Assembly • Then called for a vote to draft a new constitution

11. Napoleon III and the Second Empire • Voters approved the measure • Later the French people elected him emperor • Napoleon III • Increased voting rights • Kept absolute power • Ruled during economic prosperity • Built miles or railroads

12. The Third Republic • 1870 Napoleon drew Prussia into war • Napoleon III was captured and surrendered to the Prussians • French Assembly deposed him • Prussians invaded France and laid siege to Paris

13. The Third Republic • Third Republic made some important reforms • 1882 made primary education available for children 6-13 • 1884 trade unions legalized • 1900 working hours reduced • 1906 new act required employers to give employees off one day a week

14. The Dreyfus Affair • Controversial court case • 1894 Alfred Dreyfus French captain falsely accused of betraying secrets to Germany • Knew he was not guilty • Held a military ceremony to humiliate him

15. The Dreyfus Affair • Crowd chanted “kill him” • Evidence suggests another officer was guilty • Second officer was not Jewish • Dreyfus cleared in 1906

16. Dreyfus Affair • Divided people in France • Emile Zola-French writer came to his defense • “J’accuse” letter accused the French government of anti-Semitism • Led French courts to reopen the case • Letter set off anti-Semitic riots in 50 towns

17. Dreyfus Affair • Important affect on Jewish nationalism • Theodor Herzl-Hungarian born-Jewish journalist who covered the story • Shocked by the anti-Semitism in France • Root of the problem is that Jews did not have a country in Europe

18. Dreyfus Affair • 1896 published The Jewish State • Outlined plan for an independent Jewish country • Zionism-Jewish nationalist movement to create a Jewish state in their original homeland • 1900’s number of Jewish people returned to their original homeland