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WORKSHOP BUILDING NATIONAL CAPACITY IN RAPIDLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES ON

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Asia-Pacific Regional Center for Waste Management Training and Technology Transfer Thailand Environment Institute. WORKSHOP BUILDING NATIONAL CAPACITY IN RAPIDLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES ON

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WORKSHOP BUILDING NATIONAL CAPACITY IN RAPIDLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES ON

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  1. United Nations Conference onTrade and DevelopmentAsia-Pacific Regional Center for Waste Management Training and Technology TransferThailand Environment Institute

  2. WORKSHOP BUILDING NATIONAL CAPACITY IN RAPIDLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF RECOVERABLE MATERIAL/RESOURCES Bangkok, 20-22 September 2001

  3. INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATION SESSION TWODr Ulrich HOFFMANNUNCTAD Secretariat

  4. Importance of global material recovery Trends in material consumption in developed and rapidly industrializing countries Implications of these trends for rapidly industrializing countries OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOPS

  5. Brief overview of the 2nd OECD Workshop on Environmentally Sound Management of Wastes Destined for Recovery Operations OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOPS

  6. IMPORTANCE OF GLOBAL MATERIAL RECOVERY

  7. Share of Recovered Material in Global Supply of Primary and Secondary Commodities

  8. Share of Trade in Secondary Material in Global Trade of Primary + Secondary Metal CONCLUSION: Trade in secondary material has significantly expanded – function of material demand, not waste trafficking 1970-74 1995-97 Aluminium Copper Lead Tin Zinc 4 % 24 % 12 % 13 % 2 % 13 % 37 % 22 % 20 % 4 % IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SECONDARY MATERIAL

  9. TRENDS IN MATERIAL CONSUMPTION IN DEVELOPED AND RAPIDLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES

  10. Share in global consumption Per capita consumption 1975 1998 1975 1998 Aluminium DDC RIC Copper DDC RIC Lead DDC RIC 69% 7% 66% 7% 63% 8% 13.8 kg 0.6 kg 6.8 kg 0.3 kg 4.1 kg 0.2 kg 18.3 kg 1.9 kg 10.3 kg 1.1 kg 4.7 kg 0.4 kg 62% 22% 58% 21% 62% 18% Trends in Material Consumption

  11. Trends in Intensity of Use of Non-ferrous Metals (percentage, 1975 = 100%)

  12. Material demand/ Scrap demand Material demand Product life GAP INDIA: Copper Consumption 24 k tons Scrap supply 240 k tons 1975 2000 Supply-demand Gap of Secondary Material in Rapidly Ind. Countries

  13. Material demand/ Scrap demand Material demand Product life GAP OECD: Copper Consumption 5,000 k tons Scrap supply 8,000 k tons 1975 2000 Supply-Demand Interplay of Secondary Material in OECD Count.

  14. 1 : 420 1 : 19 1 : 5 Aluminium/ Bauxite Lead Copper “ECOLOGICAL RUCKSACK” of Primary Commodity Production

  15. Material demand must be met by domestic or imported primary and secondary material As there is a domestic supply-demand gap in secondary material – imported feedstock plays a key role Avenues for secondary material importes should be kept open Implications of These Trends for Rapidly Industrializing Countries

  16. In rapidly industrializing countries, sound waste management is an integral part of sustainable material/resources management – twin approach Implications of These Trends for Rapidly Industrializing Countries

  17. Regional Patterns of International Trade in Non-ferrous Metal Scrap

  18. OVERVIEW ON THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE 2ND OECD WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MANAGEMENT OF WASTES DESTINED FOR RECOVERY OPERATIONS Vienna, September 2000

  19. Principal focus of OECD ESM programme should be on recovery ESM approach should cover both domestic and transboundary material flows Legal status of the approach towards ESM implementation is very important MAIN CONCLUSIONS OF THE ESM WORKSHOP

  20. Approach for ESM implementation should rest on two interrelated pillars: • use of existing Environmental Mang. Systems, such as ISO 14001 series • core performance elements for recovery activities Env. Management Systems and core performance elements should be shaped so that they can be met by SMEs CONCLUSIONS OF SECOND OECD WORKSHOP ON ESM (contd)

  21. Rapidly industrializing countries should pursue a pro- active approach towards finding practicable avenues for ESM implementation that reflect their specific interests and circumstances Practicable approach for ESM implementation could rest on two clusters: • macro-economic criteria • micro-economic criteria ( EMS and environmental performance standards) Approach should not apply ESM criteria to domestic and transboundary material flows in the same way – problem of informal/small-scale sector SOME POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION

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