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Forming Clouds

Forming Clouds. Clouds form as warm air is forced upward, expands, and cools. Forming Clouds. As the air cools, the amount of water vapor needed for saturation decreases and the relative humidity increases. When the relative humidity reaches 100 percent, the air is saturated.

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Forming Clouds

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  1. Forming Clouds • Clouds form as warm air is forced upward, expands, and cools.

  2. Forming Clouds • As the air cools, the amount of water vapor needed for saturation decreases and the relative humidity increases. • When the relative humidity reaches 100 percent, the air is saturated. • Water vapor soon begins to condense in tiny droplets around small particles such as dust and salt. • Billions of these droplets form a cloud.

  3. Classifying Clouds • Clouds are classified mainly by shape and height. • Some clouds extend high into the sky, and others are low and flat. • Some dense clouds bring rain or snow, while thin, wispy clouds appear on mostly sunny days. • The shape and height of clouds vary with temperature, pressure, and the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Cloud Classification

  4. Classifying Clouds • Cloud Shape: • The three main cloud types are stratus, cumulus, and cirrus. • Stratus clouds form layers, or smooth, even sheets in the sky. • When air is cooled to its dew point near the ground, it forms a stratus cloud called fog. • Stratus clouds usually form at low altitudes and may be associated with fair weather or rain or snow.

  5. Classifying Clouds • Cloud Shape: • Cumulus (KYEW myuhlus) clouds: puffy, white clouds, often with flat bases. • Sometimes tower to great heights and can be associated with fair weather or thunderstorms.

  6. Classifying Clouds • Cloud Height: • Cirrus clouds appear fibrous or curly. • High, thin, white, feathery clouds made of ice crystals. • Cirrus clouds are associated with fair weather, but can indicate approaching storms.

  7. Classifying Clouds • Cloud Height: • Some prefixes of cloud names describe the height of the cloud base. • cirro- describes high clouds. • alto- describes middle-elevation clouds. • strato- refers to clouds at low elevations. • Some clouds’ names combine the altitude prefix with the term stratus or cumulus.

  8. Classifying Clouds • Cloud Height: • Cirrostratus clouds are high clouds. • These clouds usually indicate fair weather, but can also signal an approaching storm. • Altostratus clouds form at middle levels. • If the clouds are not too thick, sunlight can filter through them.

  9. Rain or Snow Clouds • Clouds associated with rain or snow often contain the word nimbus. • The term nimbus is Latin for “dark rain cloud.” • The water content of these clouds is so high that little sunlight can pass through them.

  10. Rain or Snow Clouds • When a cumulus cloud grows into a thunderstorm, it is called a cumulonimbus cloud. • These clouds can tower to nearly 18 km. • That’s over 11 miles high!! • Nimbostratus clouds are layered clouds that can bring long, steady rain or snowfall.

  11. Rain or Snow Clouds • When a cumulus cloud grows into a thunderstorm, it is called a cumulonimbus cloud. • These clouds can tower to nearly 18 km. • Nimbostratus clouds are layered clouds that can bring long, steady rain or snowfall.

  12. Cloud match game! http://www.uen.org/weather/activities.shtml

  13. Precipitation • Precipitation: Water falling from clouds. • cloud droplets combine & grow large enough to fall to Earth. • These form around small, solid particles, such as salt & dust. • One factor affecting size of raindrops is the strength of updrafts in a cloud • The longer the drop is in the air, the larger it gets • Another factor is the rate of evaporation.

  14. Precipitation • Five main types of precipitation: • rain, snow, sleet, hail, and freezing rain. • Air temperature determines type of precipitation. • Above freezing = rain. • Below freezing = snow.

  15. Precipitation • Sleet - snow passes through a layer of warm air above Earth’s surface then a cold layer near Earth’s surface. • This forms small pellets of ice. • Freezing rain - warm layer is large, but a cold layer covers Earth’s surface. The rain freezes upon contact.

  16. Precipitation • Hail is precipitation in the form of lumps of ice. • Hail forms in cumulonimbus clouds of a thunderstorm when water freezes in layers around a small nucleus of ice.

  17. Unreal Hail Storm

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