1 / 49

Chapter 22 Comparative Political Systems

Section 1

libitha
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 22 Comparative Political Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


    1. Chapter 22 Comparative Political Systems

    3. Section 1Great Britain Why It Matters: Unlike the United States, Great Britain has a unitary government that is based on an unwritten constitution. Britains monarch is the head of state who reigns, but does not rule. Instead, Parliament holds the legislative and executive power.

    4. Section 1Great Britain Political Dictionary: Monarchy By-election Coalition Minister Shadow cabinet Devolution

    5. Section 1Great Britain Unwritten Constitution Parts are written Charters, acts of Parliament, court decisions Unwritten part comes from customs and usages over time The Law of the Constitution Magna Carta1215 Petition of Right1628 English Bill of Rights--1689

    6. Section 1Great Britain The Law of the Constitution (cont) Acts of Parliament Court decisions---make up common law The Conventions of the Constitution Annual meeting of Parliament Extremely flexiblehasty actions are possible

    7. Section 1Great Britain The Monarchy Figureheads Acts are performed in the name of the monarch but are really those of the prime minister and Parliament The monarch reigns but does not rule

    8. Section 1Great Britain Parliament Holds both legislative and executive powers Is bicameralbut the House of Commons is much more powerful than the House of Lords

    9. Section 1Great Britain Parliament (cont) The House of Lords Traditionally hereditary Some members were appointed for life by the monarchselected for achievements Being reformed to be more representative Limited legislative powercan delay A court function as a court of appeals

    10. Section 1Great Britain Parliament (cont) The House of Commons 659 membersMPs (529 in England, 72 in Scotland, 40 in Wales, and 18 in Northern Ireland) Selected in a general election which takes place at least every 5 years. A by-election fills vacancies

    11. Section 1Great Britain The House of Commons (cont) House chamber holds 350 Long rows of benches Leaders sit in frontbackbenchers are junior Ten standing committees The Prime Minister Leader of his party Sometimes forms a coalition (1940-1945)

    12. Section 1Great Britain The Cabinet Members of the House (some in Lords) Leaders of government---administer departments A shadow-cabinet is formed by the oppositionready to govern if the government falls.

    13. Section 1Great Britain Calling Elections At least every 5 years When the government fails a vote of confidenceloss of support Parliament is dissolved by the monarch. No system of checks and balances Political Parties Labour ConservativesTories Liberal Party

    14. Section 1Great Britain Regional and Local Government Unitary government Devolutionto Scotland and Wales Local Government470 units The Courts Different courts in Scotland and Wales No judicial review like the U.S.

    15. Section 2--Japan Objectives: Examine early Japanese government and the Japanese constitution. Summarize the structure and functions of the National Diet. Explain how the prime minister and cabinet perform the nations executive functions. Examine the Japanese bureaucracy, political parties, and courts. Understand regional and local government in Japan.

    16. Section 2--Japan Why It Matters: Like Great Britain, Japan is a parliamentary democracy. The emperor serves as a symbol of the state but has no power to govern. Instead, the bicameral parliamentthe National Dietis the highest institution of state power. The Diets powerful House of Representatives chooses the countrys prime minister and cabinet.

    17. Section 2--Japan Political Dictionary: Consensus Dissolution Prefecture

    18. Section 2--Japan Early Japanese Government Mostly evolved after 4th Century Largely isolated throughout history Mikado was ruler by divine right Power was really in a Shogunmilitary might Also a number of noble familiesdaimyo Supported by warrior servantssamurai Dutch and Portuguese had some contact but the real opening came in 1853 when U. S. Admiral Perry visited.

    19. Section 2--Japan Early Japanese Government (cont) Japan rapidly modernizedbecoming an aggressor in World War II The U. S. occupied Japan after WW II Administered by General Douglas MacArthur. Far reaching democratic system was established after World War II

    20. Section 2--Japan The Constitution1947 The emperor is a symbol Bill of rights Anti-military provisionsbut broadly interpreted

    21. Section 2--Japan The National Diet House of Councillors252 members who sit for 6 years Has prestige and is advisory House of Representatives480 seats 300 single member180 from 11 larger areas Can vote no confidencemake treatiesraise fundsappropriate money Consensus politics is important in sedate Japan

    22. Section 2--Japan Executive Functions Prime Minister chosen by majority in the House of Representatives. Prime Minister appoints cabinet from the House and bureaucracy Prime Minister can dissolve the House and call for new elections. Dissolution

    23. Section 2--Japan The Bureaucracy Civil Servicetechnocrats Very powerful and influential Political Parties Liberal Democrats who are conservative and historically the dominant party. Democratic Party of Japan is the chief rival

    24. Section 2--Japan The Courts Similar to the United States, they do have judicial review but seldom use it. Regional and Local Government 47 prefectureseach with an elected governor. Funded by national government Japan is a unitary state 3,200 municipalities

    25. Section 3--Mexico Objectives: Summarize Mexicos early political history. Examine Mexicos three branches of government. Describe recent changes in Mexicos national politics. Explain how Mexicos regional and local government is structured.

    26. Section 3--Mexico Why It Matters: In form, Mexicos political system is similar to that of the United States in that it has three independent branches of government. In operation, however, the Mexican political system is the product of Mexicos unique culture and history.

    27. Section 3--Mexico Political Dictionary: Mestizo Nationalization North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

    28. Section 3--Mexico Early Political History Aztecs15th and 16th Centuries Spanish dominance for the next three centuriesconstant border conflict. Independence from Spain1821 Mestizo populationboth European and native. 2 year emperorthen Santa Anna and the 1824 constitution. Not democratic. 100 years of chaosdictatorships and reforms

    29. Section 3--Mexico Early Political History (cont) The Constitution of 1917 Sparked by a revolution A more democratic constitution Three Branches of Government The President Single 6 year termquite powerful The General Congress 64 senators and 500 Chamber of Deputies The Court Systemsimilar to the U. S.

    30. Section 3--Mexico National Politics The PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)controlled government for 70 years In 1938 nationalization of the oil industry. North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA) 2000 election saw power go to PAN Party of Vicente Fox. Regional and Local Government 31 states with governors and legislatures and one federal district Most funding comes from the national government.

    31. Section 4--Russia Objectives: Summarize Russias political history after the Bolshevik Revolution. Outline the structure of the Soviet government. Describe Mikhail Gorbachevs reforms. Identify events leading to the fall of the Soviet Union. Examine the structure of the Russian government.

    32. Section 4--Russia Why It Matters: The Soviet dictatorship controlled Russia for more than 70 years. It began to undergo broad changes when Mikhail Gorbachev gained power in 1985. In 1991, the once-mighty Soviet Union dissolved. Today the Russian people are still struggling to organize and run democratic institutions.

    33. Section 4--Russia Political Dictionary: Purge Soviets Peresroika Glasnost

    34. Section 4--Russia Political History Modern Russia emerged under Peter the Great in 1721 Czarist Russia lost the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-05 and collapsed after World War I in 1917 The Bolshevik Revolution1917 Led by Lenin Stalin assumed power in 1924 Numerous purges Staggering losses in World War II Cold War from the 1940s to early 1990s

    35. Section 4--Russia Soviet Government Structure 15 republicslargely nationalistic groups Elected sovietsbut highly centralized The Soviet Constitutiondid not contain fundamental law or guarantee basic rights. The Legislaturerubber stamp. The Communist Partyspecially chosen people9% of the adult population. Controlled by the Politburo and general secretary.

    36. Section 4--Russia Gorbachevs Reforms Perestroikarestructuring of political and economic life. Glasnostpolicy of opennesstoleration of dissent. 2,250 member legislature President with broad powers Reduction in the power of the Party More important to be head of state instead of head of party.

    37. Section 4--Russia Fall of the Soviet Union Democratization swept across Soviets Attempted coup to oust Gorbachevfailed in 1991. 14 of the 15 republics became independent.

    38. Section 4--Russia Russian Government Today The Constitution of 1993 Guarantees basic rights. Political Partiesmulti-party system The Executive Branch President who appoints a prime minister Directly elected for two four year terms Must be 35 and 10 years a citizen

    39. Section 4--Russia Russian Government Today (cont) The Legislature Council of the Federation178 members Lower houseDuma450 deputies Constitutional Court 19 membersjudicial review Regional and Local Governments 49 Oblasts (provinces) and 6 large territories 21 republicsethnic, non-Russian Some are independence seeking (Chechnya)

    40. Section 5--China Objectives: Examine Chinas political background. Describe Chinas government today.

    41. Section 5--China Why It Matters: The Peoples Republic of China is controlled by the Chinese Communist Party, the largest political party in the world. Although the Chinese government is pursuing economic reform, it continues to repress political dissent.

    42. Section 5--China Political Dictionary: Cultural Revolution Autonomous

    43. Section 5--China Political Background 5,000 year old culturebut current government dates to 1949 after a long civil war. China Under Mao Nationalists fled to Taiwan Mao embarked on a series of five-year plans Cultural Revolution began in 1966 Purge four olds: thought, culture, customs, and habits.

    44. Section 5--China Political Background (cont) Reform and Repression Crushing of Tiananmen Square protest in 1989. China Today The Constitutionfrequently changed Does not guarantee basic rights. Chinas Communist Party58m members 1,900 in National Party Congress 20 Politburo members actually rule Secretariat does day to day ruling.

    45. Section 5--China China Today (cont) The National Government National Peoples Congress3,000 deputies Elected for 5 year terms On paper very powerfulbut under Communist Party State Council Headed by the premierwho is chosen by the communist party (the CCP) Standing Committee is a major decision making body.

    46. Section 5--China China Today (cont) The Judicial System Few guarantees of a fair trial Capital punishment is frequent Local Political Divisions China is unitary 22 provincesmostly ethnic minorities. Hong Kong is a special administrative region Taiwan Chiang Kai-shek fled there with Nationalists China asserts right to rule as a provincerejected by the Taiwanese

    48. Section 5--China

    49. Section 5--China

More Related