1 / 36

Chapter 9 Economic Development

Chapter 9 Economic Development. What does development mean?. Brainstorm. Developed or not?. Developed or not?. Synonyms. More Developed Country: MDC Developed Country Relatively Developed Country Less Developed Country: LDC Developing Country. How do we know?. Brainstorm.

lida
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 9 Economic Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9 Economic Development

  2. What does development mean? • Brainstorm

  3. Developed or not?

  4. Developed or not?

  5. Synonyms • More Developed Country: • MDC • Developed Country • Relatively Developed Country • Less Developed Country: • LDC • Developing Country

  6. How do we know? • Brainstorm

  7. How do we know? • Human Development Index (HDI) • Created by the United Nations • Measures the level of development of a country based on 3 indicators: • Economic (Gross Domestic Product) • Social (Literacy Rate/Amount of Education) • Demographic (Life Expectancy) • Ranges from 0 (Least developed) to 1 (Most developed).

  8. Economic • The economic factor used by the HDI is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita: • GDP is the value of total goods and services by a country per year. • US GDP=$12 trillion/300 million people=$40,000/person • Avg. GDP/capita MDC=$27,000 • Avg. GDP/capita LDC=$4,000

  9. Per Capita GDP • Does not measure distribution. • There may be very few starving people in an LDC and many in an MDC like the US. A small minority receive the majority of the GDP of a country. • Gap between LDCs and MDCs continues to increase despite gains made by LDCs.

  10. Social Factors of HDI • Quantitative measure: • Average number of school years attended. • More years=more developed. • 10 in MDCs, only a couple years in LDCs • Qualitative measure: • Literacy Rate--% of a country’s people who can read/write. • 98% in MDCs; Less than 60% in LDCs

  11. Demographic Factors • Life Expectancy—How long a person can expect to live. • MDCs—70s • LDCs—60s • Think about population pyramids: • LDCs have a much higher number of children than adults.

  12. Agenda • HW Quiz • Grade HW Quiz • HDI Map Fill in • Shirts, cars, shoes, phone—make your own theory (excluding China) • Neo-colonialism notes • Exit Ticket

  13. Neo-colonialism notes • Core-periphery model: dependence • Raw materials—exploitation • LDCs with certain materials—petroleum—are able to advance their position

  14. Where do they come from? • Your shoes • Phone • Shirt

  15. Colonialism and Neocolonialism • Colonialism is… • Industrial revolution increased the demands to remote parts of the world. For what???

  16. Colonialism and Neocolonialism • Colonialism then… • Dominated their resources, labor and markets • Neocolonialism—being a producer of primary products for processing in the west—this includes about 90.4% of the African continent. • Countries are being exploited and suffering even though they might be able to care for themselves. • Cocoa or Cocaine???

  17. Development Models • Rostow’s Modernization Model: • Major decolonization occurred around the 1960s. • Assumes that all countries follow a similar path to development through 5 stages.

  18. Rostow’s Modernization ModelAKA Ladder of Development • Stage 1: Traditional • Dominated by subsistence farming • Stage 2: Preconditions to takeoff • Comes from new leadership, openness and diversity. • Stage 3: Takeoff • Similar to Industrial Revolution, urbanization, mass production • Stage4: Drive to maturity • New technologies, more international trade, pop. growth slows • Stage 5: High mass consumption • High incomes, movement to the tertiary sector

  19. Criticisms of Rostow • Rostow’s model is based on the European/American experience. What is wrong with this viewpoint? In other words, why might Rostow’s model not apply to LDCs in Africa and Asia?

  20. Drill • 1. What is neocolonialism? • 2. How does neocolonialism make Rostow’s model an ineffective one?

  21. Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory • More useful than Rostow because it accounts for scale, place and culture. • 3 parts: • Core—areas that generate wealth through higher levels of education, technology, and higher wages. Headquarters. • Periphery—Require little education, generate little wealth for the people in that place. Dependent on the core. • Semi-periphery—The middle ground between the core and periphery. Some power, some wealth.

  22. 1. Which country has the highest HDI? • 2. Lowest HDI? • 3. Which factor do you think has the most influence on the HDI? Why? • 4. What patterns do you notice about the areas on the HDI map? How does it relate to core-periphery? • 5. Using the ideas of neocolonialism, how can MDCs sustain their economic strength while keeping other regions impoverished even after decolonization?

  23. Extension • Baltimore/Anne Arundel County • Song analysis • US healthcare—Like an LDC, we pay 50%

  24. TED talks video quiz • According to Richard Wilkinson, what happens to the standard of living in countries as the inequality gap increases? • To answer this question, identify 3 factors that are affected as the gap of wealth inequality changes among different countries.

  25. According to income, what occupations are valued as the highest in our society? List 3. • According to income, list an occupation that is undervalued in our society. Why do you think this? • Is the economic inequity a problem in your eyes? Why or why not?

  26. Gender-Related Development Index • GDI is similar to HDI • Measures life expectancy, education, and income differences of men and women in a country. • Countries lose points for large inequalities in men and women. • Complete equality =1.0

  27. Gender Empowerment Measure • GEM: • Calculated by combining economic power and political power of women. • Economic=% of women in professional and technical jobs. • Political=% of women in administrative and managerial jobs

  28. Question • What is the relationship between HDI and GDI? Do they affect each other? Why or why not?

  29. LDCs Need to Develop Faster • 2 biggest problems: • Adopting policies that promote development • Finding money to implement the policies. • 2 ways LDCs are attempting greater development: • International trade • Self-sufficiency

  30. Self-Sufficiency Model • Reducing international trade to protect the country’s businesses. • High taxes on imports • Limiting the quantity of imports • Restricting the number of importers • Example: India=heavy government regulation. • Indian government owned communications, transportations, power companies, automakers, etc.

  31. Problems with Self-Sufficiency Model • ???

  32. International Trade Model • What materials can be sold to other countries to better the economy? • Think Rostow • Successes: • The Four Asian Dragons: S. Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong. Why? • Arabian Peninsula States: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Why?

  33. Problems with International Trade Model • ???

  34. Copy the Chart and Fill it in

  35. Socratic Seminar Wrap-up • What was the most interesting point made today? Why? • Did you change your mind? Why or why not? • What did you want to say that you didn’t get a chance to?

More Related