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Understanding Newton’s Laws and Energy Principles in Physics

This document provides solutions and explanations for various physics questions related to Newton's Second Law, kinetic friction, mechanical energy, and elastic collisions. It covers calculations involving acceleration, kinetic and potential energy, and the conservation of mechanical energy versus total energy. Each question is carefully addressed, demonstrating how to apply physics principles to analyze motion and energy in real-world scenarios, such as the behavior of a salt shaker and a pepper shaker during elastic collisions.

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Understanding Newton’s Laws and Energy Principles in Physics

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  1. AP Physics Chpts 6-9 Test Solutions

  2. Question 1 ] • to find a ( a = -4.1 m/s2 ) • Newton’s 2nd Law with kinetic friction as only force • In the end : - μk = a/g= (-4.1 m/s2)/(9.81 m/s2 )

  3. Question 2 ] • ( mechanical energy is denoted by E ) • E= KE + PE = • h is 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) if floor is chosen as reference ( the floor is the typical reference ) • Use initial velocity and convert m to kg

  4. Question 3 ] • Total Energy is always conserved, but mechanical energy is conserved as long as non-conservative forces are absent. Non-conservative forces dissipate the velocity of the salt shaker in this case and the mechanical energy is therefore dissipated somewhat. That lost kinetic energy can not be re-harnessed.

  5. Question 4 ] T • Use results from Question 1 to find fk fk

  6. Question 5 ] • Elastic Collision • + ( momentum conserved ) • + ( KE conserved )

  7. Question 5 ] • Get the equations below for both final velocities • vo is the initial velocity given in “physical picture” • where m1 is the salt shaker • where v2 is for pepper shaker

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