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DOT National Standard EMT-Intermediate/85 Refresher

Welcome!. DOT National Standard EMT-Intermediate/85 Refresher. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES. Allergic reaction Possible overdose Near-drowning ALOC Diabetes. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES. ■ Assess and provide care to a patient experiencing a seizure

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DOT National Standard EMT-Intermediate/85 Refresher

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  1. Welcome! DOT National Standard EMT-Intermediate/85 Refresher

  2. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES • Allergic reaction • Possible overdose • Near-drowning • ALOC • Diabetes

  3. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES • ■ Assess and provide care to a patient experiencing a seizure • ■ Assess and provide care to a patient exposed to heat or cold • ■ Assess and provide care to a patient experiencing a behavioral problem • ■ Assess and provide care to a patient with suspected communicable disease

  4. Airway, Breathing & Circulation • ■ Provide ventilatory support for a patient • ■ Attempt to resuscitate a patient in cardiac arrest • ■ Provide care to a patient experiencing cardiovascular compromise • ■ Provide post resuscitation care to a cardiac arrest patient

  5. BEHAVIORAL EMERGENCIES Perspective Pathophysiology Epidemiology PE & Diagnostic Findings S/S Differential considerations Tx MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

  6. perspective • You & your EMT partner respond with an engine company to a “rollover accident” 3 of the girls are ambulatory, you find that a small sedan carry 4 college-aged girls has rolled over.

  7. perspective • 3 of the girls are ambulatory; the 4th is trapped, with her hips lying under the car. She is unresponsive to deep pain & is lying on her side. • Her skin is pale & warm. Her respirations are shallow at 12/ min & her pulse is irregular & difficult to palpate at 88 beats/min. The engine company can safely remove her in 10 minutes

  8. perspective • What is your general impression of this pt? • What additional assessment will be important in the evaluation of this pt? Can you complete any assessments before extrication? • What interventions should you initiate this time?

  9. perspective

  10. pathophysiology

  11. Pathophysiology • Ventilatory support • Minute volume = tidal x respiratory rate • Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration when extra effort is not applied. Typical values are around 500ml or 7ml/kg bodyweight

  12. Epidemiology • Ventilatory support can be for a deficit of tidal volume or rate • Tidal volume that is too low is problematic • Rate that is too high or too low is problematic

  13. Epidemiology • Ventilatory support is usually achieved using • BVM with or without adjuncts (NPA or OPA) • Advanced airway insert: King or Combitube • CPAP • Transtracheal Jet Insufflation • Always be ready to suction

  14. BVM with or without adjuncts (NPA or OPA) • Head & neck position are vital • Head & neck must midline • Head-tilt • Jaw thrust • Jaw thrust & head tilt • Be ready to suction

  15. NPA • Right nare larger • Bevel toward septum • Size it correctly • lubrication

  16. NPA • Indication -- can’t use an OPA • Contraindication • severe head or facial injuries, or have evidence of a basilar skull fracture (Battle's sign, raccoon eyes, cerebrospinal fluid/blood from ears, etc.) due to the possibility of direct intrusion upon brain tissue. • An OPA may be used instead, but these devices frequently trigger a patient's gag reflex, while nasopharyngeal airways usually do not.

  17. OPA • Indications: unconscious & no gag reflex • Sizing • Insertion: rotation or tongue depressor • Does not definitively protect from aspiration

  18. BVM • Apneic or inadequate ventilation • Positive pressure ventilations (PPV) • Mouth-to-mouth ventilation • Mouth-to-nose ventilation • Mouth-to-barrier device ventilation • Mouth-to-mask ventilation • Rate AND Depth are important

  19. BVM • Gastric distention • Mask to face seal • Sellick’s maneuver?

  20. Combitube • Allows ventilation of lungs & reduces the risk of aspiration • 37F- 4-5feet • 41F- >5feet • Page 17/260 procedure

  21. Combitube • When teeth/gum line located between black lines

  22. King • Size 3 - 4-5 feet • Size 4 - 5-6feet • Size 5- >6feet • Page 33/260 procedure

  23. Transtracheal Jet Insufflation

  24. Transtracheal Jet Insufflationpage 54/260

  25. CPAP

  26. COPD • Hypoxic drive to breathe

  27. Exhaled CO2

  28. Wheezing • Rales • Rhochi • Stridor

  29. LS • Right & left fields • Upper & lower fields • Expiratory &/or inspiratory sounds

  30. Questions? • References • Marx, John A. ed, Hockberger & Walls, eds et al. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice, 7th edition. Mosby & Elsevier, Philadelphia: PA 2010. • Tintinalli, Judith E., ed, Stapczynski & Cline, et al. Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7th edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York 2011. • Wolfson, Allan B. ed. , Hendey, George W.; Ling, Louis J., et al. Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, 5th edition. Wolters Kluwer & Lippincott Williams & Wilkings, Philadelphia: PA 2010.

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