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LEARNING DISABILITY

Learning Disabilities (LD) affect approximately 5-10% of the pediatric population, presenting as an inability to modify behavior based on experience. Dyslexia is a common form of LD, characterized by difficulties in language skills, including delayed speech, errors in letter naming, and challenges in learning printed words. Early signs may include hyperactivity and poor coordination. Assessments like the Johnson ‘O’ Conners LD scale help identify LD, and treatments involve strategies like sensory integration. Notably, many individuals with LD also possess exceptional skills in areas like art or music.

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LEARNING DISABILITY

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  1. LEARNING DISABILITY

  2. What is LD Definition of LD : Inability to modify behaviour as consequence of experience. Approx 5-10% of paediatric Population is LD Genetic study shows LD inheritance in 10%-20% cases

  3. Factors • Decreased Foetalmovements • malnourished mothers • Multiple abortions • Stress during pregnancy PRENATAL • Forceps Delivery • Induced Labor • Delayed Birth Cry NATAL • ARDS • LBW , VLBW • Brain Tumours POSTNATAL

  4. Do u Know if a child is LD

  5. Characteristics of Dyslexia • Delayed spoken language. • Errors in letter naming. • Difficulty in learning and remembering • printed words. • Reversal of letters or sequences of letter • In words. • Repeated spelling errors . • Cramped or illegible handwriting • Slow rate of writing • Difficulty in mathematical calculations • Deficient written and oral language skills

  6. Dyslexia – Pre Schoolers • Difficulty in pronunciation i.e. “ Duddle “ for “ Bubble “ , • Shif for “ Fish “. • Small vocab with difficulty in rhyming. • Slow development of hand function. • Motor Planning deficit.

  7. Early Signs In Young Children • Hyperactive,impulsive,highlydistractable. • Short attention spans. • Low frustration level. • Poor co-ordination and accident proneness. • Difficulty in balancing , cutting ,pasting and writing. • Speech delays/Gestural communication. • Multitasking is difficult.

  8. Academics In Dyslexic Kids • Spelling is far worse than reading , and writing is beyond • function. • Can read “Doodle” on first page but forgets as soon as the • page is turned. • Vowels,phonetics a majaor issue. • Dysgraphia is commonly seen.

  9. Assessment • 91 tests of learning disability are available. • Most commonly used are • Johnson ‘o’ conners LD scale. • ELAP- Early learning assessment profile.

  10. Treatment • Different FOR like SENSORY • INTEGRATION and NDT are practically • used by occupational therapist worldwide. • Providing knowledge to parents. • Reduce home pressure for achievements. • Give positive reinforcement. • Avoid punishment.

  11. Special Ability & Skills • Although LD kids have unique brain • architecture and “unsual wiring” make • reading,writing and spelling difficult • most people with dyslexia have gifts in • areas controlled by the right hemisphere • of the brain.the right side controls. • Artistic skill. • Athetic ability. • Musical ability. • Mechanical ability.

  12. Thanks. Presented by - Shikha Gupta

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