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Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals: Adaptations and Characteristics of Tetrapods

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Explore the fascinating world of marine reptiles, birds, and mammals, focusing on their unique adaptations as tetrapods. Discover the essential characteristics of amphibians, reptiles, and marine mammals, such as skin types, reproductive methods, and dietary needs. Learn about the special behaviors like homing in reptiles and the diverse migratory patterns of birds, including various sea birds like penguins and gulls. This chapter delves into evolutionary concepts like convergent and divergent evolution, highlighting the adaptations that help these creatures thrive in their environments.

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Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals: Adaptations and Characteristics of Tetrapods

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  1. Chapter 8 • Marine Reptiles, Birds, & Mammals

  2. Tetrapods • Four footed animals

  3. Terrapods • Land animals

  4. Amphibians • Class: Amphibia • Frogs, toads, & salamanders

  5. Characteristics • Soft delicate eggs must remain moist, born in water, move to land, porous skin, cold blooded

  6. Reptiles • Class: Reptilia • Snakes, lizards, alligators, & crocodiles

  7. Characteristics • Leathery eggs on land, born on land, scales, cold blooded, air breathing, internal fertilization

  8. Unusual ExamplesIguanas, Turtles, Crocs

  9. Homing Behavior • Returning to the identical island where the organism was born

  10. Birds • Class: Aves • puffins, penguins, etc

  11. Characteristics • Hard shelled eggs, beaks, adaptations for flight, warm blooded

  12. Sea Birds • Mate on land but feed at sea at least some of the time

  13. Types of Sea Birds • Penguins Gulls • Tubenoses Shorebirds • Pelicans Duck & G

  14. Penguins • Swimming birds

  15. Tubenoses • Only come to shore to mate • Albatross

  16. Pelicans & Allies • Nest on shore & feed at sea • Pelicans, etc.

  17. Gulls • Garbage bird • Lives on land & feeds near shore • Sea Gull

  18. Shore Birds • Those birds that wade along the shoreline & feed

  19. Ducks & Geese • Nest in Estuaries • Migrating birds

  20. Unusual ExamplesPenguins

  21. Marine Mammals • Class: Mammalia • Seals, Whales, etc.

  22. Characteristics • Mammary Glands • Hair • Blubber • Live birth

  23. Blubber • Thick layer of fat just below the skin that insulates the mammals from the cold water

  24. Order: Carnivora: • Examples: Polar bears & sea otters • Tearing teeth, ripping claws,carnivorous

  25. Order: Pinnipedia: • Examples: Seals, sea lions, walruses • Tearing teeth, fins carnivorous

  26. Order: Sirenia: • Examples: Manatees, sea cows • Herbivore; docile, almost completely adapted to the sea

  27. Order: Cetacea: • Whales, dolphin, etc • Completely adapted to sea, fluke , blowhole, echolocation, live birth in the sea

  28. Fluke • Horizontal tail of whales & dolphins

  29. Echolocation • Using sound waves to locate objects • Like SONAR

  30. Blowhole • Single or double opening on the dorsal side of a whale used for breathing

  31. Convergent Evolution • When different species living under the same environmental conditions develop similar characteristics

  32. Divergent Evolution • When similar species living under different environmental conditions develop different characteristics

  33. Whale Groups • Toothed whales: have teeth • Non-toothed whales: have baleen instead of teeth

  34. Baleen • Fibrous, fingernail like material hanging from the upper jaw used to strain food in non-toothed whales

  35. Toothed Whales • Dolphin, Porpoise, Killer whale, Beluga, narwal, & Sperm whale

  36. Non-Toothed Whales • Baleen whales • Blue, gray, fin, humpback, right

  37. Spermaceti • Gland full of oil (also called spermaceti) in the head of a sperm whale

  38. Ambergris • Partially digested debris in the stomach & intestines of sperm whales • Used for perfume

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