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Conservation Methods and Laws for Small-Scale Fisheries in Baja California, Mexico

This analysis explores the conservation methods and laws surrounding small-scale fisheries in Baja California, Mexico, emphasizing their significance for local tribes such as the Cucapa. These fisheries provide essential income and food security while mitigating poverty. Traditional fishing practices contrast with the challenges of large-scale overfishing and environmental threats like El Niño. While small-scale fisheries are sustainable, bycatch remains an issue. The study advocates for better enforcement of fishing laws, eco-tourism development, and the integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge for effective conservation.

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Conservation Methods and Laws for Small-Scale Fisheries in Baja California, Mexico

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  1. Small-Scale Fisheries: Analyzing the conservation methods and laws implemented in Baja California, Mexico Jessica Hernandez

  2. Baja California, Mexico • Mexico’s northwestern peninsula • High ecotourism • The location of many tribes such as the PaiPai and Kiwila, but currently is the major location for the Cucapa tribe. • Cucupa tribe and the inhabitants of the region depend on marine resources- small-scale fisheries

  3. Small-Scale Fisheries • Fishermen- personal income and food source for their families and tribes • Alleviate poverty and serve as a food security • Utilize traditional practices and methods that do not involve technological devices or machinery • Small boat or vessels

  4. Geographical History • Coastal tribes and individuals who live near the oceans have depended on small-scale fisheries for years • Miniscule economic impact on the country • Mexican government did not enforce laws in small-scale fisheries • 2007- Marine scientists determined with evidence that they posed a threat to the accidental capture of endangered species • After 2007- Marine conservationists have been targeting small-scale fisheries

  5. Environmental Factors • Eco-tourism • Urbanization to meet the needs of tourism • Overfishing done by large-scale fisheries • El Nino and natural hazards that affect the fish populations

  6. Conservation • Small-scale fisheries is sustainable-does not contribute to overfishing. • Bycatch of endagered species like turtles, birds, etc is the only conservation problem caused by fishermen. • More sustainable practices that eliminate bycatch • Ecotourism- economic growth so not much has been done to address this issue. • More fishing laws implemented and enforced by the government • Environmental Economists- workshops for fishermen

  7. Political Ecology • Global political ecology- involvement of other countries in the Mexican government and conservation towards small-scale fisheries (Peet) • Separation of nature and society- for many years the individuals who depend on the oceans have been able to balance fishing and the fish populations (Robbins) • Example of positive human interaction • Petro-Violence oceans face (Watts) • Eco-tourism =capitalist approach (Marx) • Conservation and Development

  8. Ecological Democracy • Fishermen have the right to advocate laws they do not agree with • Organizations hold meetings for the fishermen to voice their opinions • Fishermen and their communities have not been relocated • Their natural resource is not exploited to yield higher profits • Large-scale fisheries pay higher taxes- fair

  9. Assumptions • Maternal tribe depends on small-scale fisheries • Father- as a child was a fisherman-sustained his family • Example of outsiders coming to try to help but being oppressive • United States conservationists corrupting the Mexican government • Making it easier to relocate fishermen so seafood corporations take over • Not being an ecological democracy

  10. Conclusion • Helps the fishermen and their people maintain their food and income source • Economic growth for them as well as the country • Helps avoid accidently trapping endangered species that were not meant to capture • Environmental Economic help provided • Inspired by the conservation work done towards small-scale fisheries • Concrete example that indigenous and scientific knowledge can work together-this conclusion led to my current work • -Motivated me to establish my own non-profit = Kaknab (Ocean)

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