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Understanding Papua New Guinea and Oceania: Geography, History, and Cultural Insights

Explore the diverse landscapes and rich cultural heritage of Papua New Guinea and Oceania, including the physical geography, population density, and historical context of this Pacific region. Discover the unique characteristics of high volcanic islands and low coral atolls, and delve into the complex colonial histories and immigration patterns that shape the cultures of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. With a focus on environmental aspects and the significance of territorial waters, this overview offers a comprehensive look at one of the world's most fascinating regions.

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Understanding Papua New Guinea and Oceania: Geography, History, and Cultural Insights

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Today • Papua New Guinea & the Pacific realm (Oceania)

  2. Announcements • Second papers due Friday! • None accepted after 5 PM Friday • No emailed papers accepted • Stapled, please • Final Exam 12 noon Monday here • Review session 7 PM, 220 Saunders

  3. Last Time • Australia & New Zealand • Physical Geography • Population and density issues • Historical, economic, and cultural • Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights

  4. Papua New Guinea & Oceania I • Size, location, and etc • Micro states (thousands of islands and many states) • Spread over thousands of miles of the Pacific • Pacific ~ a hemisphere it self virtually ½ the globe • Total land area is small • Islands <4 x NC • Total area ~ 18x NC • Small pop • Total ~ = NC; > 1/2 in Papua New Guinea

  5. Papua New Guinea & Oceania II • Physical geography • Tropical/equatorial wet (AF - AM) or tropical wet/dry climates (Am) • Aside from New Guinea, 2 island types “high” and “low” (i.e., volcanic mountainous islands or low coral reef islands) • Papua New Guinea has large mtn. range

  6. High Volcanic islands

  7. Low Atoll islands

  8. Original settlement & Colonial past • Initial settlement • Over 3000 yrs from 2500 BC • European voyages of “discovery” • 1600s – 1700s • Complex colonial histories for most • Many still colonial possessions • France • USA

  9. International Law of the Sea • Territorial waters vs “high seas” • For most = 12 miles • Used to be “cannon shot” distance ~ 3 miles • Exclusive Economic Zones • 200 miles or width of the continental shelf (whichever is larger) from shore • Thus an tiny atoll can claim economic rights (minerals & fishing etc.) to an area 200 miles across (166,000 sq mi)

  10. John Wiley & Sons.

  11. Melanesia • Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji • Some ethnic and linguistic commonality but hundreds of languages • Papua New Guinea • New Caledonia • Fiji

  12. Fiji

  13. Micronesia • Mostly micro-sized low islands • Former UN sponsored USA trust area from former Japanese holdings from WWI • Marshall Islands • Open air H-bomb nuclear tests in 1950s • Bikini: the article of clothing got its name from the island in the 1950s when the H-bomb tests occurred there • Much USA aid

  14. Micronesia • Northern Mariana Islands • Commonwealth of USA (like Puerto Rico) • Large clothing industry using Chinese labor (“made in USA”) • Guam • USA territory • Large US military presence • Similar “made in USA” clothing industry

  15. Polynesia • Hawaii to N. New Zealand • Samoa, Tahiti, Hawaii, etc. • Amazingly wide spread culture • Tourism is main industry

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