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12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis. Objectives. Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA. Recognize that DNA codes for proteins, which are expressed as the heritable characteristics of an organism. Identify possible external causes and effects of DNA mutations. . Introduction.

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12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

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  1. 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

  2. Objectives • Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA. • Recognize that DNA codes for proteins, which are expressed as the heritable characteristics of an organism. • Identify possible external causes and effects of DNA mutations.

  3. Introduction • What is this a picture of? • What is it’s purpose? Hyperlink

  4. Introduction • Gene –DNA instructions that control the production of proteins (in a code).

  5. The Structure of DNA vs. RNA DNA • Sugar molecule is deoxyribose. • Double stranded. • Contains thymine. • One type. RNA • Sugar molecule is ribose. • Single stranded. • No thymine, contains uracil. • Three types.

  6. Types of RNA Three Types of RNA • Messenger RNA • Transfer RNA • Ribosomal RNA

  7. Closure and Homework • Any questions, concerns, or comments for the good of the cause? • Chapter 12 Vocabulary WS (this one is a little different)

  8. Objectives • Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA. • Recognize that DNA codes for proteins, which are expressed as the heritable characteristics of an organism. • Identify possible external causes and effects of DNA mutations.

  9. Transcription • Transcription – the production of mRNA using DNA. • DNA is unzipped and enzyme (RNA polymerase) begins creating RNA using DNA as a template.

  10. mRNA (Transcription) • Where is DNA located? • Inside the nucleus of a cell • What is the purpose of DNA in the creation of mRNA? • Template for the creation of mRNA • RNA does not contain the nitrogen base thymine. What does it have instead? • Uracil Hyperlink

  11. So Far…

  12. Translation • Translation – process of “decoding” mRNA message and creating a protein. • Occurs in __________________________. • To decode mRNA, a “codon” is read. • Codon – three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid. • Amino Acids – building blocks of a protein.

  13. The Genetic Code “Wheel” Pg. 303 mRNA Message: UCGCAGGU Split into Codons: Amino Acids:

  14. The Genetic Code “Wheel” Pg. 303 mRNA Message: AUGGAGCUGUAA Split into Codons: Amino Acids:

  15. Translation Lets Try It!!! Hyperlink What does this look like? Hyperlink

  16. Objectives • Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA. • Recognize that DNA codes for proteins, which are expressed as the heritable characteristics of an organism. • Identify possible external causes and effects of DNA mutations.

  17. Amino Acids (The Genetic Code) • What is a codon? • Three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid. • How many different amino acids are there? • 20 • How many different codon combinations are possible? • 64 • How does the mRNA know when to start and stop being read? • LOOK AT YOUR CODON WHEEL!!! PG. 303 • When the start (AUG) and stop (UGA, UAA, UAG) codons are read.

  18. So Far…

  19. Polypeptide Chain (Translation) Step 1: • mRNA moves from nucleus to ribosome. Step 2: • As each codon of mRNA is brought in, tRNA attaches anticodon and amino acid. How does the tRNA know which amino acid to bring?

  20. Polypeptide Chain (Translation) Step 3: • The chain will grow until the ribosome reaches the stop codon.

  21. Polypeptide Chain (Translation) • After being created in the nucleus, where does the mRNA go? • Ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) • What is an anticodon? • Complementary bases to an mRNA codon • What does the ribosome do to create a polypeptide chain? • Forms bonds between amino acids • When is the chain completed? • When the ribosome reaches the stop codon

  22. The Roles of DNA and RNA If you don’t like the food metaphor: Think of making a protein as a metaphor for the construction of a building: • DNA is the master plans. • RNA is the blueprint.

  23. Genes and Proteins • So…why are proteins important? • Pg. 306

  24. Closure • Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA. • Recognize that DNA codes for proteins, which are expressed as the heritable characteristics of an organism. • Identify possible external causes and effects of DNA mutations.

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