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UWG Meeting, November 16, 2010

UWG Meeting, November 16, 2010. NASA-NOAA-FMI-KNMI project to monitor Volcanic clouds in near-real time with the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). UWG Member: Nickolay Krotkov Affiliation: NASA Contact Information: Nickolay.A.Krotkov@nasa.gov. Using OMI LANCE element

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UWG Meeting, November 16, 2010

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  1. UWG Meeting, November 16, 2010 NASA-NOAA-FMI-KNMI project to monitor Volcanic clouds in near-real time with the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) UWG Member: Nickolay Krotkov Affiliation: NASA Contact Information: Nickolay.A.Krotkov@nasa.gov

  2. Using OMI LANCE element Continuously download OMSO2NRT data to NOAA from the OMI ftp server Derived products (e.g. interactive maps and image files, geographic sub-setting) are generating by NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD partners LANCE Data Products: Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 and Aerosol Index (AI)

  3. Application: Aviation volcanic ash avoidance • High density of air routes • Small volcanic ash particles • No constraints on ‘safe’ concentration of ash for aircraft • Immediate hazards • Engine failure due to melted ash • Abrasion of windshield • Effects on avionics • Secondary hazards • Corrosion by ash, sulfuric acid • Rerouting is expensive • Accurate mapping is required Map courtesy of F. Prata

  4. NOAA/NESDIS Value –added product: web page and user interface http://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/OMI/OMISO2/ Latest satellite orbit Digital images Global composites Volcano sectors

  5. NOAA/NESDIS Value –added product: volcanic sub-sets The Eyjafjallajokull (Iceland) eruptions April-May 2010 OMI UV Aerosol Index (AI) shows directly sunlight absorption by volcanic ash OMI SO2 is used as proxy for volcanic clouds, can be seen longer than ash SO2 Cloud (Reflectivity) AI

  6. International data users: • Following the April 14 Eyjafjallajökulleruption • in Iceland The European air traffic was closed • for almost one week starting on April 15 • Transport of the ash was forecasted using ash dispersion models • Decisions were made by flight authorities based on forecasts • Measurements were also needed to refine model forecasts • Aura OMI SO2 and ash data was found to be useful for monitoring the volcanic plume distribution and calibrating the emission source of Eyjafjällajökull eruption at Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI ). • Decision was made at FMI to use Aura direct broadcast to process OMI SO2 and aerosol products within 15 minutes

  7. OMI detects ash (Aerosol Index, AI) and SO2 April 15 Total SO2 mass ~3000-4000 tons. April 16 The Eyjafjallajokull (Iceland) 2010 eruption was unusual because effusive eruptions typically emit limited ash that falls locally. Here, glacial melt produced much phreatic fine ash that drifted at relatively low altitudes.

  8. Comparison of Volcanic Ash model and OMI AI April 16

  9. Comparison of VAA and OMI AI – May 6 • Before 21 April • “zero tolerance” • After 21 April – 0.1 mg m-3 • beyond 2 mg m-3 “no go” • After 4 May • removal of “buffer zones” • beyond 4 mg m-3 “no go”

  10. Currently USGS and Darwin VAAC are actively using the NRT OMI SO2 data to manage the ongoing eruption at Merapi (Java ). OMI SO2 is used as proxy for volcanic clouds, can be seen longer than ash Merapi (Java) eruption November 5-6 OMI UV Aerosol Index (AI) shows directly sunlight reflection by ash

  11. Value added: NOAA on-line tool for combining satellite images with dispersion models to determine SO2 vertical distribution Merapi (Java) eruption November 4 2010 The Darwin VAAC is showing Volcanic Ash up to 39000 feet (~ 13Km) in agreement with NOAA numerical estimations OMI SO2 measurements VA ADVISORY DTG: 20101104/1249Z VAAC: DARWIN VOLCANO: MERAPI 0603-25 PSN: S0732 E11026 AREA: JAVA SUMMIT ELEV: 2947M ADVISORY NR: 2010/31 INFO SOURCE: MTSAT-2 AVIATION COLOUR CODE: RED ERUPTION DETAILS: VA PLUME TO FL390 LAST OBS EXTENDING 120 NM TO W AT 04/0330Z. OBS VA DTG: Puff model Derived vertical distribution

  12. Value added: Plume height estimation: • Major explosive eruption in Nov 4-5, 2010 • OMI measured ~0.2-0.3 Tg SO2 injected into UTLS • MLS shows significant HCl content – consistent with expected Merapi volcanic gas composition • CALIPSO detects aerosol layers near tropopause Aura/MLS – HCl for Nov 4-6 Merapi Volcanic aerosol CALIPSO – aerosol altitude on Nov 5 Aura/OMI – cumulative SO2 for Nov 4-8

  13. Reducing data latency: Direct broadcast of OMI SO2 and AI via FMI’s Very Fast Delivery system ~15 min http://omivfd.fmi.fi FMI Sodankylä satellite downlink station receives OMI Direct Broadcast data: SO2 and AI Fast processing: ~15 min for O3, UV, SO2 and AI to distribution on web site; Push for release of software to process data at other sites Sodankylä

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