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Folding and Faulting

Folding and Faulting. What is a Fold?. A fold is a bent rock layer or series of layers that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed. Due to compression forces. They are most visible in rocks that have layers. Types of Folds.

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Folding and Faulting

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  1. Folding and Faulting

  2. What is a Fold? • A fold is a bent rock layer or series of layers that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed. • Due to compression forces. • They are most visible in rocks that have layers.

  3. Types of Folds • The two most common types of folds are, anticlines and synclines. • Anticlines are the up-folding and/or arching of sedimentary layers. • Synclines down-folds or troughs.

  4. Types of Folds • The simplest type of fold is called a monocline. • This fold involves a slight bend in otherwise parallel layers of rock. • There is a single slope

  5. What is a Fault? • Faults are a break in a rock mass along which movement has occurred. • When the stresses overcome the internal strength of the rock, resulting in a fracture.

  6. Types of Faults: Normal Faults • Fault in which the rock above the fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below. • Formed by tension. Footwall

  7. Types of Faults: Reverse Faults • Fault in which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below. • Formed by compression Hanging wall

  8. Graben • A valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-bounded block. • Produced when tensional stresses result in the subsidence of a block of rock.

  9. Horst • An elongated, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults. • Development of two reverse faults causing a block of rock to be pushed up.

  10. Types of Faults: Transform Fault • A major strike-slip fault that cuts through the lithosphere and accommodates motion between two plates. • These faults are vertical in nature and are produced where the stresses are exerted parallel to each other (shear). http://www.algebra4children.com/Geography/faulting-folding.html

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