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The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle. Where do they come from? Where do they go?. What are rocks?. Naturally occurring solids made of minerals no definite chemical composition Preserve Earth’s history when formed. What are the 3 major rock types?. Igneous Sedimentary metamorphic. Igneous.

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle • Where do they come from? Where do they go?

  2. What are rocks? • Naturally occurring • solids • made of minerals • no definite chemical composition • Preserve Earth’s history when formed

  3. What are the 3 major rock types? • Igneous • Sedimentary • metamorphic

  4. Igneous • Made from molten lava or magma (fire) • magma = below ground • forms intrusive igneous rocks • lava = above ground • forms extrusive igneous rocks • Can have large or small crystals • Some cool too quick for gases to escape and leave bubbles

  5. How are igneous rocks classified? • felsic - Light rocks that contain high amounts of silica • intermediate - contain between 52 - 62 % silica • mafic - Dark rocks that contain little silica • ultramafic - very dense with very little silica • intrusive - formed above ground • extrusive - formed below ground http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

  6. Sedimentary • Formed from compaction and cementation of weathered materials • sediments from weathered rock are deposited • weathering - breaking down of rock • erosion - carrying rock away (usually by water) • Some are formed biologically - coal, limestone • Often contain FOSSILS!!! http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

  7. Fossils • fossilized body parts - bones, teeth, skin, embryos, etc... • fossil traces - burrows, footprints, poop, etc... • ONLY occur in sedimentary rock http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/fossils.htm

  8. Metamorphic Rock • Formed by heat and pressure • Usually form deep within Earth’s crust • Can have foliation • banding that occurs from great stress and pressure, flattens crystals in pre -existing rock • must have parent rock http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0607/es0607page01.cfm http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

  9. Are there types of metamorphism? • YES!!! • contact metamorphism - parent rock comes in contact with a heat source, such as magma • regional metamorphism - changes to country rock over a large area • plutons - small bodies of metamorphosed country rock • batholiths - very large bodies of metamorphosed country rock

  10. Rock cycle • The dynamic changes of rocks between different types over time • changes through: • heat and pressure • melting • weathering and erosion

  11. http://www.google.com/imgres?q=rock+cycle&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=97D97nKo-yGC1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/Pages/Unit2RockCycle.aspx&docid=ut49RbuYWPJl8M&imgurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/PublishingImages/rock-cycle.jpg&w=510&h=400&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=443&vpy=171&dur=399&hovh=150&hovw=192&tx=118&ty=107&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=185&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:159http://www.google.com/imgres?q=rock+cycle&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=97D97nKo-yGC1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/Pages/Unit2RockCycle.aspx&docid=ut49RbuYWPJl8M&imgurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/PublishingImages/rock-cycle.jpg&w=510&h=400&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=443&vpy=171&dur=399&hovh=150&hovw=192&tx=118&ty=107&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=185&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:159

  12. What is the rock cycle driven by? • heat from Earth’s core • mantle convection - circular motion of heat in Earth’s mantle • mechanical energy - movement of rocks and pieces of rock downward by gravity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53lMdHzvGCQ

  13. Resources • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=gneiss&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=JZdG5uXyrDcrtM:&imgrefurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/gneiss.html&docid=-Yh_Ig1AgAcK7M&imgurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/geopic/gneiss2.jpg&w=478&h=349&ei=omr-UOD5H5CC9gSLloHgCQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=399&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=180&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:120&tx=60&ty=74 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=conglomerate&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=tJikh7m5qswCaM:&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/conglomerate.htm&docid=oCRxfFDpAh-CrM&imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/images/conglomerate.jpg&w=450&h=338&ei=zWr-UKLOLZSC9gS2_IHYDw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=289&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=197&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:108&tx=112&ty=55 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=igneous&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=XxZxAtoogsd3-M:&imgrefurl=http://www.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.htm&docid=Kvs-Uv7CNULeKM&imgurl=http://www.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.jpg&w=320&h=240&ei=BGv-UKW1G5L68QTd_YGQCg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=284&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=182&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:134&tx=120&ty=69 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sedimentary&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=ABpVUFku9In57M:&imgrefurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0027-sedimentary-rocks.php&docid=zosm1A9q5X8DSM&imgurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/sedimentary-rocks.jpg&w=300&h=306&ei=PGv-UIDsMpGE8QSd7IGYAg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=301&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=134&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0,i:158&tx=44&ty=76 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=metamorphic&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=lBoGVBQOga4G7M:&imgrefurl=http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/bill_williams_river/bwrocks_l.html&docid=FRipe3-IR7GFWM&imgurl=http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/photographs700/bwrocks.jpg&w=700&h=505&ei=WGv-UKrQK4WE8ASiqYBo&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=161&vpy=318&dur=1065&hovh=191&hovw=264&tx=135&ty=107&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw=185&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:174 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=pumice&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=7lWEYQymPKFbMM:&imgrefurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pumice.shtml&docid=zL76aSqvvsOjuM&imgurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/pumice.jpg&w=560&h=420&ei=UGz-UM65MYHc8wSEr4HACg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=353&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=169&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:111&tx=60&ty=57 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=obsidian&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=FlKrzSUP4Ex53M:&imgrefurl=http://geology.com/rocks/obsidian.shtml&docid=CjiZ8xti8-h6QM&imgurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/obsidian-380.jpg&w=380&h=285&ei=bmz-UKmtI4T69gSu2IC4CQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=829&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=198&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:147&tx=154&ty=105 • http://mineralsciences.si.edu/collections/rock_ore/ultramafic.htm • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sedimentary+rocks&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=6HMYbzgsu-hy2M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Sedimentary_Rocks&docid=dQyJlwkMIcbVUM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Helgoland_Lummenfelsen_22067.JPG/500px-Helgoland_Lummenfelsen_22067.JPG&w=500&h=375&ei=XG7-UMS6Co6G9QTzw4CYCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=470&vpy=318&dur=678&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=100&ty=123&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=192&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0,i:183

  14. Resources • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=carlsbad+caverns&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=GciONk0OurJhQM:&imgrefurl=http://www.nps.gov/cave/photosmultimedia/index.htm&docid=abOoeE6o13RZFM&imgurl=http://www.nps.gov/cave/photosmultimedia/upload/br_dolls_theater_jones.jpg&w=1800&h=1205&ei=lG7-UI7NOIa09gS52IDADA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=168&dur=1681&hovh=184&hovw=274&tx=165&ty=105&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=214&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:147 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=vgzOrR01VQU5kM:&imgrefurl=http://science.nationalgeographic.com/wallpaper/science/photos/permian-period/trilobite-fossil/&docid=f6zCv47kpd6XKM&imgurl=http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/012/cache/trilobite-fossil_1262_990x742.jpg&w=989&h=742&ei=Ym_-UN-WJorm8QThz4HoDA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=262&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=212&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:0,i:207&tx=78&ty=80 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=z6t-cWFYjQdchM:&imgrefurl=http://www.123rf.com/photo_15603461_model-dinosaur-fossil.html&docid=BewxWxdTEa8zSM&imgurl=http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/bennyartist/bennyartist1210/bennyartist121000045/15603461-model-dinosaur-fossil.jpg&w=1200&h=768&ei=XnD-UJXFG5GI9gTR4oGwAQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=269&sig=115953012663293382693&page=2&tbnh=138&tbnw=220&start=30&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:34,s:0,i:258&tx=84&ty=94 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil+footprints&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=Odkmgma0L8dXKM:&imgrefurl=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Massachusetts/fossil_dinotracks.html&docid=V-7wVxSmms0o0M&imgurl=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Massachusetts/fossil-footprint-dinosaur-t.jpg&w=380&h=319&ei=hXD-UI34Kojk8gS0uICAAg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=159&dur=340&hovh=206&hovw=245&tx=104&ty=120&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:124 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=foliation&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=9Cc-yIwnvNH7GM:&imgrefurl=http://www.oldearth.org/curriculum/geology/geology_chapter_7.htm&docid=VX5z1NFvyLA-dM&imgurl=http://www.oldearth.org/curriculum/geology/images/Gneiss.jpg&w=600&h=361&ei=LHH-UKKuL4u89QS0-4BQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=328&dur=1801&hovh=174&hovw=290&tx=119&ty=87&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=210&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:138 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=contact+metamorphism&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=ytC4oFJ7qQmIAM:&imgrefurl=http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/monument/quartzit.html&docid=j2BjpbFiaoM2JM&imgurl=http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/monument/images/metheat.gif&w=583&h=400&ei=KXL-ULP3FY788QSEkoHoCA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=466&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:95&tx=51&ty=89 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=yosemite&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=OJLcll9EIGmaKM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yosemite_20_bg_090404.jpg&docid=aGVN0ksSepUVMM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Yosemite_20_bg_090404.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=UnL-UM2gIpOg8QSr2YC4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=416&vpy=161&dur=198&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=145&ty=104&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:153 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=rock+cycle&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=LXwjRGNbJqNKwM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html&docid=mLUYm9iwuRDgjM&imgurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/msese/earthsysflr/EFCycleP2.gif&w=393&h=350&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=141&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=163&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:150&tx=95&ty=85 • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mantle+convection&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=P_TRppVpgun40M:&imgrefurl=http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/deepearth/visualizations/mantle_conv.html&docid=roAGfUi4CJrp3M&imgurl=http://bprc.osu.edu/education/rr/plate_tectonics/mantle_convection_cell.gif&w=661&h=369&ei=i3P-UNjHCpC68wTjsIDQCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=188&vpy=182&dur=662&hovh=135&hovw=266&tx=179&ty=118&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=266&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:101

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