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High Availability and Load Balancing with Linux Virtual Server (LVS)

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lizr
16 diapositives · 505 Views · Jan 03, 2020

This outline discusses solutions for managing high availability and performance in server environments, particularly using Linux Virtual Server (LVS). It addresses challenges posed by multiple clients accessing the same resources and emphasizes the importance of load balancing and reliability. The document explores various LVS solutions, including NAT, TUN, and DR methods for packet routing, scheduling options (Round Robin, Least-Connection), and deployment strategies for stable, scalable web server architectures. It also outlines performance expectations and hardware requirements for successful implementation.

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  1. Linux Virtual Server Miroslav Siket FIO-FS ELFms meeting

  2. Outline • Solutions and comparison • LVS (Linux Virtual Server) • LVS solutions, high availability • Scheduling possibilities • Performance • Deployment ELFms meeting

  3. Definition of the problem • Multiple clients (>100) accessing the same resource • Effort to parallelize requests in a distributed system (clusters, computer farms,…) • Create transparent environment for the users • Enable load balancing to increase efficiency and speed • Reliability ELFms meeting

  4. Solutions • DNS load balancing (BIND RR) • Proxy servers (Squid, MS, Netscape, Apache) • Reverse proxy (Apache) • Custom built application balancing • Hardware based (CISCO Load Director, intelligent routers,...) • Linux Virtual Server (LVS) ELFms meeting

  5. What is LVS • Scalable, highly available server built on cluster of real servers • Offers load balancing • Transparent for users • Can be used for WWW, ftp, ssh or any other TCP/IP, UDP/IP protocol based services ELFms meeting

  6. LVS – general schema • Idea is to have transparent service available to users • Should be scalable • Should be dynamical • Should provide fail over mechanism ELFms meeting

  7. Solutions with LVS • Is based on “smart” kernel routing of packets over IP ELFms meeting

  8. LVS-NAT • Requests translated by load balancer • Allows internal network • Limited by the load balancer • Limited by network connection • Up to 10-20 real servers • NAT (network address translation) ELFms meeting

  9. LVS-TUN • Load balancer encapsulates IP packet, sends it to real server • Real server replies directly to client • Works on LAN/WAN • Scalable • TUN (Network Tunneling) – using tunl devices ELFms meeting

  10. LVS-DR • Load balancer changes MAC address and broadcasts it to the real server • Limited to LAN • Scalable • Replies go directly to user • DR (direct routing) using lo devices ELFms meeting

  11. LBLC with Replication Destination Hashing Source hashing LVS Scheduling • Round Robin • Wighted RR • Least-Connection • Weighted LC • Locality-Based LC LVS also provides support for persistency of connections. ELFms meeting

  12. High availability • Real servers are added/removed to/from the pool by a monitoring daemon • Load balancer can be replicated to allow fail over to another (backup) load balancer (spoofing master's IP address) • Provides notification tools ELFms meeting

  13. Fail over solution ELFms meeting

  14. Requirements • Kernel 2.4.23+ or patched previous kernels (part of the 2.6) for load balancer • In case of LVS-TUN and LVS-DR kernel patch for ARP-hidden for real servers • Standard Apache listening on Virtual IP and real IP • Clients configured for Virtual IP • Mon (standard monitoring server) and Heartbeat • Fake (IP spoofing) ELFms meeting

  15. Performance expectations • I have tested 2 real servers + 1 load balancer (LVS TUN and DR), with fail over – all OK • 20MB/s performance - below 10% CPU utilization on LoadBalancer • 1Gbps+ performance for 100Mbit/s LB • Seehttp://www.linuxvirtualserver.org ELFms meeting

  16. Deployment • Possible deployment for the SWREP web servers • Together with head nodes (Apache Proxy or Squid Proxy) should provide stable, highly available and scalable solution with desired throughput • Possible other deployments where high availability is required • Used by linux.com, sourceforge.net,... • Base for the RedHat's Piranha ELFms meeting