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4. Early Civilizations in Greece

Geography Minoans Mycenaeans Dark Ages. 4. Early Civilizations in Greece. Impact of Geography. Relatively infertile land – 80% mountainous Isolation = independence Extensive use of the seas (no part of Greece is more than 60 mi from sea) Aegean Mediterranean Ionian. Minoans.

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4. Early Civilizations in Greece

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  1. Geography Minoans Mycenaeans Dark Ages 4. Early Civilizations in Greece

  2. Impact of Geography • Relatively infertile land – 80% mountainous • Isolation = independence • Extensive use of the seas (no part of Greece is more than 60 mi from sea) • Aegean • Mediterranean • Ionian

  3. Minoans • Island of Crete • ~2700 - 1450 BCE • Knossos • Trade!! • Cultural diffusion • 1450 BCE – sudden destruction • Tidal wave? • Invasion?

  4. Minoans

  5. Greek Mainland – Two Main Peninsulas

  6. Mycenaeans • ~1600 - ~1100 BCE • Indo-Europeans • Hill forts • Monarchies • Main city=Mycenae • Independent states • Tholos tombs • Burial for royalty

  7. Mycenaeans • Warrior people • Heroic deeds impt • Commercial network • Military expansion ? • Homer • Iliad • Odyssey

  8. Mycenaeans • Earthquakes • Fighting each other • Invaders 1100 BCE

  9. Dark Ages • Population declines • Food production decreases • ~1150-~750BCE = “Dark Age” • Ionian flight • Aeolians = north & central • Dorians = Peloponese • Iron age

  10. Greek Alphabet • From Phoenicians • Version = 24 letters • Homer’s work appears at end Dark Ages

  11. Homer • Epic poem • Trojan war • Odyssey • Iliad • “hubris” • “arete” • Heroic excellence won in brave struggle • Preserve honor

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