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WORLD GEOGRAPHY

WORLD GEOGRAPHY. LESSON 7 UNIT 1. CONTINENTS. AFRICA ANTARCTICA ASIA AUSTRALIA EUROPE NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA. AFRICAN COUNTRIES. There are 53 individual African countries.

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WORLD GEOGRAPHY

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  1. WORLD GEOGRAPHY LESSON 7 UNIT 1

  2. CONTINENTS • AFRICA • ANTARCTICA • ASIA • AUSTRALIA • EUROPE • NORTH AMERICA • SOUTH AMERICA

  3. AFRICAN COUNTRIES There are 53 individual African countries Size:30,065,000 sq km 11,608,000 sq miles Coastline:30,539 km 18,976 miles Percent of Earth's Land: 20.2% Population: 877,500,000

  4. DESCRIPTION • Africa, the planet's 2nd largest continent, includes (53) individual countries. It contains the Nile River, the world's longest, and the massive Sahara Desert, the world's largest. The continent's (highest point) is Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania 19,341ft (5,895m), while the (lowest point) is Lac’ Assel in the small country of Djibouti 512 ft (156m) below sea level.

  5. AFRICA(Major Landforms) • There are 7 major landforms across the African continent. • SAHARA DESERT • KALAHARI DESERT • CONGO RIVER BASIN • ATLAS MOUNTAINS • GREAT RIFT VALLEY • NILE RIVER SYSTEM • SAHEL

  6. SAHARA DESERT Covering almost one-third of the continent, the Sahara is the largest desert in the world at approximately 3,500,000 sq. miles (9,065,000 sq. km) in total size. Topography includes areas of rock-strew plains, rolling sand dunes and numerous sand seas. It ranges in elevation from 100 ft. below sea level, to peaks in the Ahaggar and Tibesti mountains that exceed 11,000 ft. (3,350m). Regional deserts include the Libyan, Nubian and the Western desert of Egypt, just to the west of the Nile.

  7. SAHARA DESERT (cont.) Almost completely without rainfall, a few underground rivers flow from the Atlas Mountains, helping to irrigate isolated oases. In the east, the water's of the Nile help fertilize smaller parts of the landscape.

  8. KALAHARI DESERT It's about 100,000 sq. miles (259,000 sq. km) in size and covers much of Botswana, the southwestern region of South Africa and all of western Namibia. Along the coastal areas of that country it's commonly referred to as the Namib Desert. The desert plateau is criss-crossed by dry rivers beds and dense scrub. A few small mountain ranges are situated here including the Karas and the Huns. Large herds of wildlife are found in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, located in South Africa near its border with Namibia.

  9. KALAHARI DESERT (cont.)

  10. CONGO RIVER BASIN The Congo River Basin of central Africa dominates the landscape of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and much of neighboring Congo. In addition, it stretches into Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic and Zambia. The fertile basin is about 1,400,000 sq. miles (3,600,000 sq. km) in size and contains almost 20% of the world’s rain forests. The Congo River is the second longest river in Africa, and its network of rivers, tributaries & streams help link the people & cities of the interior.

  11. ATLAS MOUNTIANS This mountain system runs from southwestern Morocco along the Mediterranean coastline to the eastern edge of Tunisia. Several smaller ranges are included, namely the High Atlas, Middle Atlas and Maritime Atlas. The highest peak is Mt. Toubkal in western Morocco at 13,671 ft. (4,167m).

  12. GREAT RIFT VALLEY A dramatic depression on the earth's surface, approximately 4,000 miles (6,400 km) in length, extends from the Red Sea area near Jordan in the Middle East, south to the African country of Mozambique. In essence, it's a series of geological faults caused by huge volcanic eruptions centuries back, that subsequently created what we now call the Ethiopian Highlands, and a series of perpendicular cliffs, mountain ridges, rugged valleys and very deep lakes along it's entire length.

  13. GREAT RIFT VALLEY (cont.) Many of Africa's highest mountains front the Rift Valley, including Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya and Mount Margherita

  14. NILE RIVER VALLEY The longest river in the world (flows north), rising from the highlands of southeastern Africa and running about 4,160 miles (6,693 km) in length, to then drain in the Mediterranean Sea. In simple terms it's a series of dams, rapids, streams, swamps, tributaries and waterfalls. Numerous (major) rivers comprise the overall system, including the Albert Nile, Blue Nile, Victoria Nile

  15. SAHEL The Sahel is a wide stretch of land running completely across north-central Africa, just on the southern edges of the ever-expanding Sahara Desert. This border region is the transition zone between the dry areas of the north and the tropical areas of the south. It receives very little rain (six - eight inches a year) and most of the vegetation is a savanna growth of sparse grasses & shrubs.

  16. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES As Africa's population numbers soar, the environment is under increasing pressure to provide for people. Here, a Kenyan woman travels great distances over parched land in search of water. The Horn of Africa, where this woman lives, contains 14 million people at risk from drought-induced famine, the United Nations World Food Programm estimates. Ninety percent of those affected live in just two countries: Kenya and Ethiopia. Looking for a Drink

  17. SEA OF TEA Agriculture is by far Africa's most important economic activity. In Rwanda, where this tea field was photographed, crop cultivation employs about 75 percent of all workers and accounts for 30 percent of exports. But this sea of bounty provides a deceptive image. Much large-scale agriculture is for export and does not go to feeding local populations. While only six percent of Africa's land area is under permanent crops, a whopping 35 percent of Rwandan land is arable

  18. SILENT DESTRUCTION Left to rot, a leaking Shell pipeline floods the land in Ogoniland, Nigeria with oil. In 1993, Shell was forced to quickly abandon oil production in Ogoniland after a campaign by Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa charged the oil giant with widespread pollution. Shell claims that oil fires and leaks occur because it did not have enough time to seal its facilities properly. Oil is a paradox for Nigeria. While the country depends on oil for 90 percent of its exports, little of the profit actually flows back into local communities. A village next to a valuable oil well may have no access to clean water, electricity, roads or healthcare. The problem is compounded by poor environmental controls that have spoiled farmlands and fishing waters.

  19. DANGEROUS HARVEST Most Africans rely on firewood as their primary fuel source. When people move onto a stretch of virgin land, trees are often the first things to go. Here, locals in Maputo, Mozambique are running a firewood market, though many Africans simply opt to collect fallen branches from the ground. Together with large-scale logging for export, this puts Africa's forests on a high eco-alert. Quickly harvested, many forests are never replanted, resulting in destruction of habitat and land degradation.

  20. BOUNCING BACK Africa's endangered gorillas may grab the headlines, but when it comes to deforestation, no environmental news story has moved at a faster pace. Here in Tunisia, not far from the Mediterranean, a new plantation of pine trees draws a line against the trend. Uncontrolled cutting claimed the trees that once filled the stark, denuded landscape behind it. This project, sponsored by the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, is just one of dozens throughout Africa

  21. 8TH WONDER OF THE WORLD Nothing signifies the importance of water in Africa more than this, Libya's Great Man-Made Waterway. It has been dubbed the eighth wonder of the world and is the largest single construction project on earth. After its planned completion around 2010, the system will pump up to 6 million cubic metres of water per day from an underground aquifer in the Sahara desert estimated to contain 120, 000 cubic kilometres of water. The waterway's steel wire could circle the earth 280 times. Libya has spent more than $10 billion on the project with the hopes of greening the desert and providing for populous northern cities such as Tripoli and Banghazi

  22. FOG POWER No Great Man-Made Waterway here. In the vast Namib desert, locals leave water to a fog-catcher . This simple device captures moisture-laden fog on mesh netting, where it condenses and then drips into collecting buckets. Large-scale water projects are often beyond a country's financial means and fraught with political difficulties. Easy to install and maintain, these fog-catchers provide a cheap and effective alternative for providing water to the Topnaar people's community near Walvis Bay, Namibia.

  23. FIERY WARNING Burning like a funeral pyre, a pile of ivory in Nairobi sends a warning to poachers. The message seems to be getting through. In the mid-1980s, when ivory fetched $125 per pound, Kenya lost 85 percent of its elephants to poaching each year. After the worldwide ban on ivory sales went into effect, that number had plummeted to just 50 elephants per year by 1993. Current estimates put Kenya's elephant population at around 30,000. While this is a sharp drop from the 70,000 animals that existed in the mid 1980's, it is believed to be sustainable.

  24. SURVIVOR A survivor of the war in Democratic Republic of the Congo, a mountain gorilla returns the camera's steady gaze. Zoologists consider his existence miraculous. The 358 gorillas from the Virunga region of Rwanda's Parc National des Volcans represent more than half of the world's population of mountain gorillas. Hunted for meat by soldiers, these gorillas also saw vast portions of their habitat destroyed by war refugees. Defying the odds, the gorillas' numbers have actually shown a slight increase since before the war began in 1997.

  25. ACT OF FAITH Forget hydro-engineers or planes shooting high-powered rain pellets. To get water in Bushu, a region in Zimbabwe hard-hit by drought, schoolgirls put their faith in a traditional rain dance.

  26. MAP FOR REVIEW

  27. MAP FOR REVIEW

  28. ASSIGNMENTS • Please read chapters 7-9 & answer questions after each chapter. • Follow link below and choose a country to do your report on. • HERE

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