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Small Wind Electric Systems

Small Wind Electric Systems. Wind Turbine Electrical Output Electricity from a spinning shaft Balance of Systems Types Components. First Things First. What does a small wind turbine produce?. Wild Alternating Current (Wild AC) “Wild” due to the fluctuating voltage, current and frequency.

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Small Wind Electric Systems

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  1. Small Wind Electric Systems • Wind Turbine Electrical Output • Electricity from a spinning shaft • Balance of Systems • Types • Components

  2. First Things First. What does a small wind turbine produce? • Wild Alternating Current (Wild AC) • “Wild” due to the fluctuating voltage, current and frequency. • Why is this? • Most modern small wind turbines are direct drive permanent magnet systems (there are exceptions) • In most cases the wild AC needs to be rectified. • Conversion of Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC) 120 AC @ 60Hz WILD AC DC

  3. Electricity from a Spinning Shaft Click Here for Animation http://www.reuk.co.uk/OtherImages/moving-magnet-past-wire-to-make-current.jpg

  4. Why Alternating Current? • Simplicity of permanent magnets alternators • This AC power is rectified to Direct Current regardless of battery or grid-tie configuration. • 3 phase output is most common http://bp1.blogger.com/_Ist6QgbdKFo/SIsThFlYcTI/AAAAAAAAAGw/-cBy0MQjDvI/s400/5.bmp

  5. Why Three Phase? • Most effective use of space and materials!

  6. Axial Flux PM Alternators http://flyingv.ucsd.edu/nima/Axial_Flux/motor_cad.jpg

  7. Small Wind Systems Small Wind Systems: • Battery (off-grid) systems • Grid-Tie with battery backup systems • Batteryless / Direct grid-tied systems • Direct Drive Batteryless Systems

  8. Battery (off-grid) systems Regulation and Conversion

  9. Battery (off-grid) systems Controller

  10. Off-Grid Hybrid System • Combines multiple DC charging systems

  11. Battery (off-grid) Hybrid system Controller

  12. Benefits of Hybrid Systems? 400 Wind and solar compliment one another! 350 Hours of Sunshine 300 Hours of sunshine or averagewind power (Watts/m2) 250 Average wind power 200 150 Data from SE Iowa 100 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

  13. The Effects of Seasons on Hybrid Power Systems Summer Battery Loads PV modules and wind turbine (storage) (utilization) (active generation) Winter Battery Loads PV modules and wind turbine (storage) (utilization) (no generation)

  14. Grid-Tie with Battery Backup Controller

  15. Grid-Tie with Battery Backup • Benefits: • Potential sale of excess energy • Battery backup during electrical grid failure • Incentives supported • Downfalls: • Expensive • Added maintenance (batteries)

  16. Batteryless / Direct Grid-Tie Systems Controller

  17. Batteryless / Direct Grid-Tie Systems • Benefits: • Sale of excess energy to the grid • Lower system cost • Incentives supported • Downfalls: • No battery back up. If the grid fails you are left in the dark.

  18. Direct Drive Batteryless System Controller http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00seKTaQUBJEhy/Water-Pump-MKP60-1-.jpg

  19. Direct Drive Batteryless Systems • Benefits: • Simplicity • Lowest in cost (no balance of system needed) • Downfalls: • Only power loads when resource is available • Heating applications require large turbines

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