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Understanding Genetics and Heredity: The Legacy of Gregor Mendel

This article explores the foundational principles of genetics and heredity as established by Gregor Mendel, the Father of Genetics. Mendel's experiments with pea plants revealed crucial insights into how traits are passed from parents to offspring, including the concepts of dominant and recessive alleles. By observing the traits of the plants, Mendel differentiated between homozygous and heterozygous conditions, elucidating the significance of genotype and phenotype in inheritance. This work laid the groundwork for modern genetics.

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Understanding Genetics and Heredity: The Legacy of Gregor Mendel

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Genetics- the study of heredity Heredity- passing of traits from parent to offspring

  2. Gregor Mendel- The Father of Genetics • Austrian monk lived in a monastery in charge of the garden. • Noticed that some plants were tall, some were short, etc. Wanted to find out how 2 tall plants could produce a short plant and vice versa. • Begin experimenting with pea plants.

  3. The Work of Gregor Mendel • Mendel used pea plants b/c: • Had a lot of traits to study and produced offspring fast.

  4. The original pair of plants that were crossed were called the P (parental) generation. One tall and one short. • The offspring of this cross were called the F1 (first filial) generation. Resulted in 2 tall plants. • Offspring from the F1 generation produced the F2 generation. Resulted in 3 tall and one short. • Where did the short plant come from????

  5. Results from Mendel’s Experiment • Principle of Dominance: some alleles are dominant and some are recessive. • If dominant is present, it will mask the recessive allele.

  6. Genes and Alleles • Genes: chemical factors that determine a trait (characteristic). • Allele: different forms or ways of expressing a gene. • Ex: AA, Aa, aa • Dominant Allele: the trait that always shows physically and is represented by a CAPITAL letter. • Ex: AA or Aa • Recessive Allele: only shows if the dominant allele is not present. • Ex: aa

  7. Homozygous (same) vs. Heterozygous (different) • Homozygous or Purebreed: 2 identical alleles. • Ex: AA= homozygous dominant aa= homozygous recessive • Heterozygous or Hybrid: 2 different alleles. • Ex: Aa= heterozygous (always dominant)

  8. Phenotype vs. Genotype • Phenotype: physical characteristics of the organism (what it actually looks like). • Ex: tall plant or short plant • Genotype: genetic make up of the organism (what the alleles are). • Ex: AA, Aa or aa

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