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Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Production and Conservation Efforts

Explore the challenges and solutions in sustainable agriculture, focusing on natural systems to conserve while producing food, targeting vulnerable areas for ecological restoration. Learn about breeding perennial crops, enhancing food security, and supporting rural economies.

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Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Production and Conservation Efforts

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  1. Production alone is not the answer Except on some prime farmland…. • Current practices are not sustainable long-term • Uneconomic (without subsidies) due to global overproduction • Urban taxpayers demand species protection, recreation, carbon sequestration, etc.

  2. Conservation alone is not the answer Except on some remaining parcels of wilderness and critical habitat... • Rural economy and rural communities • National food security • Global population growth

  3. Natural Systems Agriculture • Seeks to conserve while producing food • Targets vulnerable agricultural acreage Prime ag. land Parks and preserves Natural Systems Agriculture Acreage Ecological fragility

  4. Root System of Wheat Compared to Native Prairie Grass

  5. Breeding Perennial Grain Crops

  6. Breeding perennial crops • Domesticate perennials as new crops • Cross annual crops with perennial relatives

  7. Perennial small grains

  8. Intermediate wheatgrass, Rodale / USDA 300 accessions 20 selected (polycross) 380 plants 11 + 3 selected (polycross) 400 plants BFPMC1 BFPMC2

  9. Intermediate wheatgrass To increase grain yield 500  2500 kg/ha (5 yrs. per cycle) @ 20% gain per cycle*: 45 years @100 kg/ha gain per cycle: 100 years * Knowles, 1977; Wagoner et al., 1995, 1996

  10. F1 hybrids produced, 2001-02

  11. F1 hybrids produced, 2003-04* * 95% were treated with colchicine or nitrous oxide

  12. BC1F1 hybrids produced, 2002-03

  13. triticale X Th. ponticum (2n=70) F1 X triticale F2 F1 40 3 selfed seed

  14. 4x wheat X Th. intermedium (2n=42) F1 X 6x wheat (selfed seed) F1 417 335 F2

  15. Perennial legumes

  16. Illinois bundleflower, Desmanthus illinoensis

  17. seed yield, g/m2 Illinois bundleflower, Desmanthus illinoensis

  18. Perennial chickpea – 8 species

  19. Watt & Coyne, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA number of accessions that

  20. Perennial sunflower

  21. Helianthus maximiliani

  22. H. annuus cultivar H. annuus wild H. maximiliani

  23. X H. maximiliani H. tuberosus H. rigidus X Helianthus annuus

  24. Compass Plant

  25. Perennial sorghum

  26. Sorghum bicolor, 2n = 20 Sorghum halepense, 2n = 40

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