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Key Terms – Early England

King Richard I King John The Magna Carta The Hundred Years War Joan of Arc. Key Terms – Early England. William the Conqueror Domesday Book King Henry I Common law The Anarchy King Henry II Thomas Becket. William the Conqueror (1066-1085).

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Key Terms – Early England

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  1. King Richard I King John The Magna Carta The Hundred Years War Joan of Arc Key Terms – Early England • William the Conqueror • Domesday Book • King Henry I • Common law • The Anarchy • King Henry II • Thomas Becket

  2. William the Conqueror (1066-1085) • William the Conqueror would become king of England after his invasion of the country (Norman Invasion, 1066). • Upon becoming king, he would seek to regulate the behavior of the British and make it an economically viable country through his reforms.

  3. William's Reforms • William believed that the country had plunged into a state of decadence with the death of Robert the Confessor and the subsequent yet short rule of Harold Godwinson. • William would launch reforms to correct the issues England had been facing for quite sometime: • Created an office of the treasury known as the exchequer • Created the Domesday Book → massive census which meticulously detailed the possessions of each English citizen to improve taxation.

  4. Henry I • After the failed rule of William Rufus (William II), Henry I would take control of England. • He would be known as the great legislator as he sought to reform the laws of England. • He created two new legal precedents which would bring some control over the citizenry of England.

  5. Henry's Legal Reforms • Henry's legal reforms became the basis for English law for many centuries up until the establishment of Model Parliament in 1295. • His reforms included: • A system of traveling judges to oversee local affairs and reduce the need for kings as judges. • A system of common law → legal system in which laws can be created that are based on the customs and unwritten rules of a specific territory.

  6. The Anarchy (1135-1154) • Henry had decided upon his death to leave his daughter, the Empress Matilda, control of England. • His son Stephen, chose to cut off her inheritance and have the nobility of London name him king of England. • This plunged England into a state of anarchy or lack of government control. • England would remain unsettled until a deal was struck between Stephen and Henry II (son of Matilda)

  7. Henry II • Upon the death of Stephen, Henry II would come into power in England. • He would take up the mantle set by his grandfather, Henry and become a strong legislator. • This need for control led him into direct conflict with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury • Henry II believed he had the right to fill church vacancies as king of England which Becket disputed. • It would lead to an indirect order to kill Becket which would tarnish Henry II's legacy.

  8. Richard I • Upon the death of Henry I, Richard I (also known as the Lionheart) would become king of England. • Richard I would be known as an absentee king since he was rarely in England and spent most of his time fighting in the Crusades. • He would bankrupt England by being held ransom in Eastern Europe and would be killed in a riot upon his return.

  9. King John • Richard's death would bring on the reign of John in England. • John would start problems with three different groups: • The French, for his failed side dealings with Philip Augustus of France. • The pope, for refusing his nominee for the archbishop of Canterbury • The nobles, for the indemnity payments the Church placed on England for John's actions.

  10. The Magna Carta • As a result of the heavy taxation and frivolous laws that John created to solve his problems with the Church, the nobles forced John to limit his power or be deposed. • He was forced to sign the Magna Carta which granted: • No taxation without representation • Due process of law • Limitation of the king's power. • Creation of Model Parliament

  11. Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) • Ongoing disputes over control of territory in France led to the Hundred Years' War between England and France. • Joan of Arc would become a notable figure in the war as she helped raise the morale of the French troops and guided them to a victory to the 116 year war. • France would regain many lost territories and the French king would regain the power he had once lost.

  12. Results of the Hundred Years' War • The Hundred Years' War proved to be an important milestone in European history for many reasons: • It introduced new weapons such as the longbow and cannon, the latter being one of the chief reasons why many feudal conventions were done away with. • On that note, feudal manors lose their importance as do massive fortifications due to the use of the cannon. • A rivalry between France and England will pervade future centuries.

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