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Enterprise Information Systems Architecture (ISA) Modeling Roadmap

Enterprise Information Systems Architecture (ISA) Modeling Roadmap. Definitions ISA domains & levels ISA analysis techniques Review questions. Definition 0: Information Systems Architecture in Enterprise Architecture. ISA partly stems from and partly overlaps with Business Architecture

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Enterprise Information Systems Architecture (ISA) Modeling Roadmap

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  1. Enterprise Information Systems Architecture (ISA)Modeling Roadmap Definitions ISA domains & levels ISA analysis techniques Review questions

  2. Definition 0: Information Systems Architecture in Enterprise Architecture • ISA partly stems from and partly overlaps with Business Architecture • The main contact point are Business Processes (BP) • Indeed most requirements for ISA come from BP, e.g. what transactions and reports the information systems should process • Therefore most requirements analysis techniques cover both BP and information analysis

  3. Definition 1 : User Requirements (UR) • ISA is based on User Requirements (UR) • UR reflect the needs of the users on three main domains, namely • the interface of the users with a computer system • the information the users handle • the logic / rules and the flow of activities the users perform • UR are a higher abstraction level of systems / processing requirements that are usually described by UML

  4. Definition 3: User Needs (UN) • “User Needs” (UN) are what users should get from a system • “User requirements” (UR) describe what the system should do (hopefully consistently with needs) regardless its implementation • There are some critical points in UN • Seldom users know what they want and even less frequently know how to represent it in a useful form for software development • Therefore : • Needs should be elicited i.e. the user should be guided to express his/her own view of needs • Requirements should be obtained by transforming and/ or mapping of the user’s view in a systems analysis view • Requirements should be compared against a best practice or reference model • We call this approach «Functional analysis»

  5. Definition 4: Functional Analysis (FA) • Analysis: • Identification of the structure of an object or of a statement through the decomposition of an object in smaller parts according to a predefined rule = structure • Origin of term: it dates back to the “AnalyticaPriora”, where Aristotle introduces syllogistic method, argues for correctness, and discusses inductive inference. • Information system: a system of functions that collect, process, store and distribute information • Function: • An activity with an outcome • Example in Information Systems: “read” • Functional analysis of information systems: • Scope: defines the functions of an information system according to a given model • Purpose: defines what the system should do (i.e. the functions) regardless the implementation technology

  6. Definition 2 : Requirements analysis (Wikipedia 2012) • In systems engineering and software engineering, encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, such as beneficiaries or users. • It is an early stage in the more general activity of requirements engineering which encompasses all activities concerned with eliciting, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software or system requirements. • Requirements analysis is critical to the success of a systems or software project. • Requirements should be documented, actionable, measurable, testable, traceable, related to identified business needs or opportunities, and defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design.

  7. Enterprise Information Systems Architecture (ISA)Modeling Roadmap Definitions ISA domains & levels ISA analysis techniques Review questions

  8. ISA modelling levels

  9. ISA modelling domains The analysis should cover the aspects of the system the users perceive, that we term as “domains”.

  10. ISA modelling grid

  11. Enterprise Information Systems Architecture (ISA)Modeling Roadmap Definitions ISA domains & levels ISA analysis techniques Review questions

  12. ASL / information: SIRE • SIRE (Strategic Information Requirements Elicitation) is a catalog of the information domains of an enterprise. • It uses a grid model, where information domains are layered into information levels, namely • master information • event information • analytic information • Developed in University of Pavia (2008)

  13. ASL / Process: GEF • GEF (General Enterprise Framework) lists the activities of business processes (BP) at the respective layers: • Planning (e.g. Sales Planning) • Execution (Proposal and Selling tasks) • Monitoring to check execution workflow (where is the order of Mr. Smith?) • Control to appraise actual results (are we on budget?) • Information, to manage information collection, storage and distribution • Developed in University of Pavia (2012)

  14. RSM / Information: ER & DFM • ER (Entity Relationship) • Models information at a conceptual level • Not for analytic information • Developed by Chen (1976) • DFM (Dimensional Fact Model) • Models analytic information by a specific notation. • It is a conceptual technique • Developed in University of Bologna (1998)

  15. RSM / Process: BPM & UML • BPMN (Business Process Management Notation) • Models the flow of business processes. • Typically a BPMN flow details a GEF quadrant. • UML-EP (Unified Modeling Language with the Erikson Penkerestension) • It is a business oriented extension of UML, • It adds models to represent the flow of a Business Process • It supports the elicitation of Use Cases and Candidate Database Entities

  16. RSM / User Interface : GOA • GOA (Goal Oriented Analysis) • The analyst identifies the goals of each user class and the actions implied on the system • Actions are candidate use cases • It is a conceptual technique • Developed in Politecnico di Milano (2004)

  17. SEI level • SEI (Software EngineeringInterface) is the final transformation stage, into which conceptual notations are transformed into executable languages. • Various modeling techniques • BPEL (Business Process Executive Language) for workflow implementation • UML (Unified Modeling Language) for object oriented development (Class Diagrams & Use Cases) • Relational model for databases and data warehouses

  18. Enterprise Information Systems Architecture (ISA)Modeling Roadmap Definitions ISA domains & levels ISA analysis techniques Review questions

  19. Review questions • Preliminary definitions • May an individual i belong to different classes A, B, C ? In which case yes and in which not? • Consider a simple class e.g. a Volkswagen Golf • What is an individual of Volkswagen Golf class? • What is a specialization of Volkswagen Golf? • Is Volkswagen Golf an aggregation of Engine, Car-body etc.? • Describe the overall model taxonomy • Describe constructions types and interpretation of Model M* • Could you define a Model richer then M? • Modeling grid • Which are the differences between User Needs and User Requirements? • Define Levels and Domains of Functional Analysis in terms of • Objectives • Modeling Level

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