1 / 84

The Beginnings of Civilization

The Beginnings of Civilization. 3,700,000 to 587 B.C. Exploration of Prehistory. Hominids www.houseofcanes.com/ ordinfo.htm. Key characteristic Walk upright. Role of Artifacts www.texasbeyondhistory.net/ rubin/images/artif. Let us know more about ancient cultures

lorne
Télécharger la présentation

The Beginnings of Civilization

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Beginnings of Civilization 3,700,000 to 587 B.C.

  2. Exploration of Prehistory

  3. Hominidswww.houseofcanes.com/ ordinfo.htm Key characteristic • Walk upright

  4. Role of Artifactswww.texasbeyondhistory.net/ rubin/images/artif... • Let us know more about ancient cultures • Somewhat limited – theories have formed to attempt to explain the past

  5. Lucywww.pbs.org/saf/ 1105/features/eureka3.htm • Oldest human-like skeletal remains ever found • 3-4 Million Years old • Found in Africa • Discovery has been questioned lately over the species of the find

  6. First Humanswww.sonoma.edu/.../ anclub/neanderfacts.html • Characteristics • Powerful jaw • Receding chins • Low foreheads • Heavy eyebrows

  7. More First Humanswww.public.iastate.edu/ ~cfford/342ggsintro.htm • Hunter/gatherers • Nomadic • Traveled in clans of 40-50 • Men hunted while women gathered nuts/berries/seeds

  8. Homo Sapienswww.fossils-as-art.com/ images/0200.jpg • Appeared on the scene between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago

  9. Ice Ageswww.salzburg.com/ freizeit/185_3920.htm • Several over 1.7 million years • Warm era that we live in today started about 10,000 years ago – coincides with last ice age

  10. Neanderthals Appeared 35,000-130,000 years ago (Old Stone Age) Wore animal skins Used fire Buried their dead Cro-Magnons Appeared about 35,000 years ago Better tools Cave Art Textbook History lessons Religious First Homo Sapiens

  11. Three Stone Ages Old Middle New

  12. Old Stone Agewww.chennaimuseum.org/.../ 02/05/prehist.htm • Very crude tools • Stones used to throw at animals

  13. Middle Stone Age www.dungarvanmuseum.org/ index.cgi?art_id=5&pa... Mesolithic Age • 10,000 to 5,500 years ago • Not only use stones but bones • Bows and arrows • Fish hooks • Harpoons

  14. New Stone Agewww.turizm.net/turkey/ history/neolithic.html Neolithic Age • Development of Agriculture • Domestication of animals/plants for food

  15. Characteristics of the Evolution of Civilization

  16. Agriculture to Surplus Production • People began to grow more food than they would need – allowed people to do things other than farming

  17. Establishment of Towns/Cities www.turizm.net/turkey/ history/neolithic.html • With surplus populations could grow • Families now could be larger

  18. Division of Laborwww.jupiter.fl.us/.../ BuildingSafety.htm • In towns/cities people could specialize in one job or another

  19. Evolution of Civilization Lesser Characteristics

  20. Calendarwww.hcc-nd.edu/images/ Calendars-Oct03.gif • Needed to track seasons for planting/harvesting and migrations (if needed)

  21. Form of Writingmrspock.marion.ohio-state.edu/.../ cuneiform.htm • Needed for communication • Early forms were cumbersome with too many symbols – became better as time past

  22. Development of Metal Ages

  23. Bronze Agedomino.kappa.ro/.../ ist_ilustrata/$file/4.jpg • Developed as an alloy of copper and tin • Easily made into tools • Weakness: not strong enough

  24. Iron Agewww.hants.gov.uk/museum/ ironagem/reception.html • Iron was smelted (melted) from iron ore • Much stronger than bronze • Gave those who possessed iron weapons a huge advantage over those who did not

  25. Early Civilizations

  26. Egyptians

  27. Egypt: Role of the Nile • Civilization found upon the Nile River Valley • Nile River is the longest river flowing north in the World

  28. Nile River • Flows northward – divided into two parts: • Upper Egypt (South) • Lower Egypt (North) • Originates at Lake Victoria • Cataracts • Surrounded by two deserts • Flows into delta – then into the Mediterranean

  29. Nile River: Lifeblood of Egyptwww.wwnorton.com/.../ nawol/maps/MAP3EGYP.JPG • Nile River floods yearly leaving silt in valleys adjacent to River – provide fertile soil • < Flooding – Bad crops • > Flooding – Villages swept away

  30. Egypt moves toward Civilizationastro.temple.edu/ ~rguay/rosetta%20stone.jpg • 3000 B.C. – Hieroglyphics developed • Language artists have been able to translate the Hieroglyphics with use of the Rosetta Stone

  31. Egyptian Kingdoms

  32. Menesmembers.tripodnet.nl/ ancientegypt/history.html • Unites Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt in 3200 B.C. • Begins the first of 30 dynasties of Egypt

  33. Old Kingdom 2680 B.C. to 2180 B. C.

  34. Achievements in Arts and Sciencewww.astro.utoronto.ca/ ~yao/egypt1999/sphinx.gif • The Great Sphinx

  35. The Old Kingdom • Class society • Lower: Peasants and Farmers • Upper: Pharaoh, the Royal Family, Priests, Scribes, and Government Officials • At end of dynasty the pharaohs became weaker and the nobles grew stronger • Revolutions began probably because of famine and lack of food

  36. First Intermediate Period • Lasted from 2180 B.C. to 2050 B.C. • Time period marked by many civil wars • Period ends as new line of pharaoh comes to power

  37. The Middle Kingdom 2050 B.C. to 1650 B.C.

  38. Middle Kingdom • Considered the “golden age” of Egypt • Noble and Priests begin to challenge the power of the Pharaoh – led to instability • Period also marked by invasions of Hyksos • Disputes arise over how devastating the Hyksos invasion was on the Egyptians • Hyksos did bring in new tools of warfare: the chariot and compound bow

  39. Second Intermediate Period • Begins as Hyksos gain control of all of Egypt – probably because of the weakness of Egypt • Period ends as new line of rulers come to power

  40. The New Kingdom 1570 B.C. to 1080 B.C.

  41. New Kingdom • Kingdom centered around their capital, Thebes • Drove the Hyksos out of Egypt with use of a strong army • Begin to build an empire • The strongest of the rulers were….

  42. Hatshepsutwww.antropos.galeon.com/ html/FARAON.htm • First female to ever hold the title of Pharoah • Technically co-ruler – with her son • Kept empire’s boundaries secure and built trade

  43. Thutmose IIIwww.fruitofthenile.com/ tuthiii.htm • Stepson of Hatshepsut • Continued trend of mother • Expanded Egypt’s territory to its largest extent until his death in 1450 B.C.

  44. Amenhotep IVnefertiti.iwebland.com/ portraiture/18d/amenho... • First monotheistical leader of Egypt • Believed in the sun god, Aton • Changed name to Akhenaton • After his death, Egypt returns to polytheism

  45. Ramses II (the Great)forums.tactical-ops.de/ showthread.php?t=59060 • Ruled from 1279 B.C. to 1215 B.C. • Great Builder • Considered to be the pharoah at the time of the Exodus • Later pharoahs were weak

  46. Egyptian Achievements

  47. Arts and Architectureforum.paradoxplaza.com/ forum/showthread.php?g... • Pyramids – close to perfect symmetry • Used as tombs for the pharoahs

  48. Science, Math, and Medicine • Devised a 365 day calendar • Used numbering system based on 10 • Used herbs for medicinal purpose • Mummification – preservation of dead

  49. Peoples of the Fertile Crescent

  50. Fertile Crescentxenohistorian.faithweb.com/ worldhis/Hist02.html • Situated along the Tigris-Euphrates River valleys • Much like Egypt in that it needed rivers to flood for irrigation • Rivers begin in mountains of Turkey and flow into the Persian Gulf

More Related