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Classification

Classification. Levels of biological organisation. Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere. Karl Linnaeus collected organisms and separated them according to what looked alike.

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Levels of biological organisation • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • Organism • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biosphere

  3. Karl Linnaeus collected organisms and separated them according to what looked alike. • He invented the two word system of naming things – genus (generic name) and species (specific name). • RULES - Genus always has a capital letter: Homo: and species does not: sapiens. - Written in italics or underlined - Full name the first time written then abbreviated e.g H. sapiens - If the species name is unknown it is sp or spp e.g. Homo sp.

  4. ingdom hylum lass rder amily enus pecies Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens Animalia Arthropoda Crustacea Decapoda Palinuridae Jasus edwardsii • K • P • C • O • F • G • S

  5. In modern system are 5 kingdoms: • Monera • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  6. Monera • Bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue/green algae). • Prokaryotes i.e. no nuclear membrane around the nucleus.

  7. Protista • Single-organisms (Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena) and algae.

  8. Fungi • Moulds, yeast and mushrooms • Have no photosynthetic organs • Get food from other organisms • Food stored as glycogen not starch.

  9. Plantae • Two main phyla: - Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts) - Traceophyta (ferns, conifers, flowering plants). • Autotrophs (self feeding)

  10. Animalia • Heterotrophs (cannot make own food). • Around 10 phyla • Porifera • Coelenterata/Cnidaria • Platyhelminths • Annelida • Mollusca • Arthropoda • Echinodermata • Chordata (having a backbone / are vertebrates)

  11. Chordata - 5 classes • Mammalia • Pices (Fish) • Aves (Birds) • Reptilia • Amphibia

  12. Mammals Characteristics: • Have teeth • Have hair • Are warm blooded • Have a single jaw bone • Have inner ear bones • Produce milk for their young

  13. Mammals • They have larger brains and seem to be the most capable learners • All mammalian mothers nourish their babies with milk

  14. Fish Characteristics: • Are cold-blooded • Live in water • Usually have paired fins, gills, and scales

  15. Fish • Most fish lay large numbers of eggs, but some give live birth. • Most fish breathe by drawing water over four or five pairs of gills.

  16. Amphibians Characteristics: • Are cold-blooded • Lay their eggs in water • Lack any skin coverings such as fur, scales or feathers

  17. Amphibians • Young amphibians tend to resemble small fish. • Amphibian means "two lives," a reference to the change they go through as they  move from egg to tadpole to frog.  • Even as adults, most frogs and other  amphibians must stay close to water. 

  18. Birds Characteristics: • Warm-blooded • Have feathers • Lay eggs • Have bodies specially adapted for flight • Have a beak rather than teeth

  19. Birds • Their nearly hollow bones provide lightweight strength. • Birds now live almost everywhere on Earth.

  20. Reptiles Characteristics: • Cold-blooded • Have scales • Lay leathery eggs on land

  21. Reptiles • Although reptiles breathe through lungs, some reptiles can also absorb oxygen in water through their mouth.

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