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Thurgood Marshall Civil Rights Hero

Thurgood Marshall Civil Rights Hero. Marshall’s Beginnings. Thurgood was born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908 He was named after his grandfather, a freed slave who served in the Union Army

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Thurgood Marshall Civil Rights Hero

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  1. Thurgood MarshallCivil RightsHero

  2. Marshall’s Beginnings • Thurgood was born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908 • He was named after his grandfather, a freed slave who served in the Union Army • Originally named Thoroughgood, he tired of writing such a long name so he shortened it to Thurgood • His mother was a elementary teacher and Thurgood was required to go to school with her because he was often in trouble • In high school, he was rambunctious and as a punishment was required to read and recite the Constitution

  3. Marshall’s Beginning • His father fostered his love of the law by taking him to watch the outcomes of local trials • Marshall’s brother, Aubrey, became a noted chest surgeon. Marshall’s mother wanted him to be a dentist • Entered all African-American Lincoln University in 1926. Here, he changed from dentistry to his first love – the law • Met and married Vivian “Buster” Burey in 1929 • Graduated from Lincoln with honors in 1930

  4. Law School and Beyond • Applied to the University of Maryland Law School in 1930, but was rejected due to “All White” admission policy • In 1930 he matriculated to Howard University Law School in Washington D.C. • His mother sold her engagement and wedding rings to pay for his tuition • Graduated from Howard magna cum laude and first in his class in 1933 • As a private practice attorney he won Murray v. Pearson in 1936 that changed the University of Maryland’s “All White” admission policy • In 1936, he accepted an offer to become a civil rights lawyer for the NAACP due to this victory

  5. Victories Before the Supreme Court • Marshall won 27 out of the 33 cases he argued before the Court • Chambers v. Florida (1940) Marshall persuaded the Court to overturn a conviction based on a coerced confession of an African-American man • Smith v. Allwright (1944) Court struck down a Texas practice which forbade African-Americans from participating in primary elections • Morgan v. Virginia (1946) Court struck down segregation on buses traveling interstate routes • Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)Court struck down lower court ruling which placed restricted covenants upon African-Americans buying land • Sipuel v. Oklahoma (1948) and Sweat v. Painter (1950) Court required the universities of Oklahoma and Texas to integrate their law schools

  6. Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas - 1953 • Catalyst for the court case: Third grader Linda Brown was forced to walk a mile to a rundown all Black school • Marshall believed that education was of great importance for the future of our country • In the Brown, case he also defended the rights of school children in Kansas, Delaware, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. • The Court took five months to make a decision. However, on May 17, 1954 with a majority vote, Chief Justice Earl Warren and the court struck down Plessy v. Ferguson and supported Marshalls’s conviction that “ Schools may be separate, but they are not Equal!”

  7. www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvgvRChtkbA&feature=PlayList&p=92DE6886409987A8&index=63www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvgvRChtkbA&feature=PlayList&p=92DE6886409987A8&index=63

  8. Future of Marshall • Thurgood lost Vivian to cancer in 1954. He remarried Cecilia Suyat. Together they had two sons, Thurgood Jr., and John • In 1961, President Kennedy appointed him to the U.S Circuit Court of Appeals, the only second African- American to hold this position • In 1965, he became the first African-American appointed as U.S. Solicitor General In 1967, President Johnson appointed Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court. He was the first African-American awarded this prestigious distinction!

  9. The Loss of a Maverick • 1991 - Justice Marshall made the decision to retire from the Supreme Court. He said, "I am getting old.” • 1992- The American Bar Association established the Thurgood Marshall Award • 1993 – He died of heart failure at the age of 84

  10. The Thurgood Marshall Bowl • Your team will use your knowledge of Thurgood Marshall’s early years, college years, famous court cases, famous documents. and Brown v. the Board of Education to come up with a unanimous group answer to the questions. Respect everyone's input! • We will rotate until one group answers correctly. • We will also rotate which group will be the first to try and answer the next question even if they answered the previous question incorrectly. • Each answer is worth one point, plus one bonus answer.

  11. When and where was Thurgood Marshall born?

  12. Born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908

  13. Why did he not want to write his original name of Thoroughgood?

  14. He changed his original name from Thoroughgood to Thurgood because the former took too long to write

  15. Why did Thurgood have to go to Elementary school with his mother? ttItHtRGOOD RE

  16. Thurgood was required to attend school where his mother taught because of his behavior

  17. Why did Marshall have to repeatedly read and recite the United States’ Constitution?

  18. He was punished for his rambunctious behavior in high school by having to read and recite this famous document.

  19. What did his father do to foster Marshalls’s love of the law when Thurgood was young?

  20. Marshall’s love of the law was fostered at an early age by his father who took him to see court cases

  21. What did Marshall’s mother want him to become?

  22. His mother wanted him to be a dentist

  23. Where did Thurgood Marshall attend college? BONUS POINT: Where is this university located?

  24. Lincoln UniversityBonus: Lincoln,Pennsylvania

  25. What did Marshall change his major to while attending Lincoln University?

  26. Marshall changed his major to law while attending Lincoln University

  27. Who was Vivian “Buster” Burey?

  28. He fell in love and married Vivian in 1929 while attending Lincoln University

  29. What did Marshall accomplish in 1930 with this distinction?

  30. Graduated Lincoln University in 1930 with honors

  31. Where did Marshall have to deal with a “Whites Only” regulation?

  32. At the University of Maryland. This discriminatory policy kept Marshall from being accepted into their law school

  33. What case did Marshall claim victory against the University of Maryland’s “All White” admission policy?

  34. Murray v. Pearson

  35. How many cases did Thurgood Marshall win before the Supreme Court?

  36. Marshall won 27 of the 33 cases he argued before the Supreme Court

  37. What did Marshall’s argument in Chambers v. Florida (1940) persuaded the Supreme Court to do in 1940?

  38. Chambers v. Florida (1940) persuaded the Court to overturn a conviction based on a coerced confession of an African-American man

  39. What case championed African- American political rights in this country?

  40. Smith v. Allwright (1944)

  41. What other three Supreme Court cases did Marshall defend the rights of African-Americans? (Name at least two)

  42. Morgan v. Virginia (1946) • Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) • Sipuel v. Oklahoma (1948) • and Sweat v. Painter (1950)

  43. What was the name of the little girl who sparked interest in integration of schools?

  44. Linda Brown

  45. What did Thurgood Marshall believe about equal education?

  46. Marshall believed that equal education was of great importance to our country

  47. What other states and district were defended in Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas? (Name at least two)

  48. The states of Delaware, Kansas, Virginia and the District of Columbia

  49. What date did educational integration become the law of our country?

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