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Work-Family Stress and Safety: Clarifying the Connections

Work-Family Stress and Safety: Clarifying the Connections. Leslie B. Hammer, Ph.D. Presented at the CROET-OHP Seminar Work-Family Stress: Implications for Safety and Health November 7, 2008. Outline of Talk. Work context and Socio-demographic changes in the workforce

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Work-Family Stress and Safety: Clarifying the Connections

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  1. Work-Family Stress and Safety: Clarifying the Connections Leslie B. Hammer, Ph.D. Presented at the CROET-OHP Seminar Work-Family Stress: Implications for Safety and Health November 7, 2008

  2. Outline of Talk • Work context and Socio-demographic changes in the workforce • Occupational Safety and Health and workplace stressors • Occupational Health Psychology • Connecting OSH to Work and Family • Safety as an antecedent and consequence of Work-family conflict • Work-Family and Primary Prevention

  3. Changing Context of Work Technological Change Faster product cycles Global Markets/Global Competition Sector shifts (e.g., growth of service & high tech)

  4. Socio-demographic Changes More Women in the Workforce More Dual-Earner Couples More Older Workers More Diversity in the Workforce

  5. Occupational Safety & Health OSHA 1970 was mandated to “assure as far as possible safe & healthful working conditions for every working male & female in the nation” Engineering, public health, industrial hygiene, epidemiology, & more recently, organizational behavior, management, & social sciences contribute to understanding ways of improving safety

  6. Potential Workplace Stressors Related to Safety • Physical demands • Task demands • Role Demands • Interpersonaldemands • Work-family conflict is linked to stress • Stress is linked to safety Related to safety

  7. What is Occupational Health Psychology (OHP)? The application of psychology to improving the quality of work life and to protecting and promoting the safety, health and well-being of workers. • Sauter, Hurrell, Fox, Tetrick, & Barling, 1999

  8. Distinctive Features of OHP OHP Work Environment Individual Work-Family Interface

  9. Connecting Occupational Safety and Health to Work-Family Issues The work-family interface is important in understanding ways of improving safety and reducing stress on the job

  10. Why Study Work-Family Conflict and Safety? Work-family conflict is a safety hazard

  11. Work-Family Conflict: Research Antecedents of Work-family Conflict - Work-related - Family-related *********SAFETY************ Outcomes of Work-family Conflict - Work-related - Family-related - Health and well-being related ********SAFETY*******

  12. Safety as an Antecedent of WFC • higher levels of perceived safety climate were related to lower levels of work-to-family conflict (Grzywacz, Arcury, Marin, Carrillo, Burke, Coates, & Quandt, 2007),

  13. Safety as a Consequence • Cullen & Hammer (2007) • Daniels, Hammer, Truxillo (2008) • Hammer, Kossek, Anger,Bodner, & Zimmerman, 2008

  14. Models Tested Cullen & Hammer (2007): Work-to-Family Conflict Work Performance Norms Work Overload Safety Performance Family-to-Work Conflict

  15. Connecting Mechanisms Daniels, Hammer, Truxillo (2008): Family-to-Work Conflict Workplace Cognitive Failure Safety Performance

  16. Intervention Effects Hammer, Kossek, Anger,Bodner, & Zimmerman, 2008 *Higher scores on the safety compliance measure reported by experimental group compared to control group Work-Family Supervisor Training Safety Performance

  17. WFC Reduction and Primary Preventions • increasing control over when and where work is done helps to alleviate such stress (e.g., Kelly & Moen, 2007), • providing supervisor support for work and family can reduce work-family conflict (Hammer et al., 2008)

  18. Family Supportive Supervisory Behaviors (Hammer, Kosek, Yragui, Bodner, & Hanson, in press) • Emotional Support for family • Instrumental Support with scheduling conflicts • Role Modeling • Creative Work-Family Management

  19. How to Alleviate W-F Conflict Formal & Informal Supports Child/elder care resource & referral services, flexible work scheduling, job sharing, perceived managerial support, work-family climate for sharing Family-Friendly CultureIf the overarching org. philosophy is sensitive to the family needs of employees Managerial Work-Family Training—WFH Network Study

  20. Work, Family, and Health Network Study 5-year multisite, randomized field experiment, funded by the NIH and CDC Intervention: to increased control over work schedule, increased supervisor support, and supervisor self-monitoring Outcomes: work, safety, and health outcomes for workers and their families http://www.kpchr.org/workplacenetwork/

  21. Summary Work and family are two of the most important areas in adult lives, and the more that is known about the difficulties integrating these two roles, the more progress can be made towards reducing the negative outcomes on safety and health of workers

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