Do Now

1. Do Now • Copy your homework: Find a song with at least 2 examples of ethos, logos and pathos. Color code the song like we did in class with Letter from Birmingham Jail. Finish reading Letter from Birmingham Jail. • On a piece of paper answer: What are some ways that you can convince other people of your opinion? How do you persuade someone? How do you get them to believe you? • Copy word of the day: • Appeal - make a serious or urgent request, typically to the public • police are appealing for information about the incident

2. Homework • Find a song that you like. The song should be appropriate for school (minimal cursing, appropriate topic and theme) • Identify components of pathos, logos, and ethos in the song by creating a key and color coding the different parts of the song. • Your song must have at least two examples of each appeal in order to receive credit. • Finish reading letter from Birmingham Jail • Due Friday at the start of class. • Reminder: Memoirs are due April 20 by 5:00

3. Rhetorical Devices • Liscinsky 4-12-12

4. AIM • I will define logos, pathos and ethos in order to identify the examples of each in the first two pages of Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail Standard • RI.9-10.6. Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose. • RI.9-10.9. Analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington’s Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech, King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”), including how they address related themes and concepts.

5. Rhetorical Triangle Logos Pathos Ethos

6. What is Rhetoric? Plato:  Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."  Aristotle: Rhetoric is "the faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available                         means of persuasion. • Rhetoric is the art of speaking or writing effectively • The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else's. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided the means of persuasion, appeals, into three categories: • Logos • Pathos • Ethos

7. Ethos - Credibility • The speaker establishes his authority • For example: a good reputation, listing qualifications • This establishes trustworthiness • Conveyed through tone and style

8. Pathos - Emotional • Pathos appeals to an audience’s sense of identity, their self-interest, their emotions. • Many consider pathos the STRONGEST of appeals • Pathos appeals to us because we naturally bend towards what is in our best interest or the interests of groups we identify with • We like when writers or speakers flatter us • We connect emotion with judgement • A negative paper will try to arouse anger • Direct appeals DO NOT WORK • You cannot say, “Now you should be crying”

9. Logos - Logic • Logos is the logic used to support a claim • Uses facts and statistics to support the argument • Can use definitions, analogies or comparisons, cause and consequences, rely on testimony or other authorities by citing evidence or opinions of experts

10. Review! • Logos appeals to:_________________ • Pathos appeals to:_________________ • Ethos appeals to:__________________ • A. emotions • B. logic • C. credibility B. Logic A. Emotions C. Credibility

11. Summary of Definitions These elements MUST work together to create a strong argument! • Logos-facts, data, statistics of the message. The logos is the information presented as fact (it might not be, but usually is). Often, logos uses numbers. • Ethos-credibility or character as a reflection of the communicator. Often, ethical appeals are based on trust and community. • Pathos-emotions of the audience. Emotional appeals might inspire patriotism, happiness, sadness, anger, and other emotions in the audience Logos Pathos Ethos

12. Letter From Birmingham Jail • What (genre) • Why (purpose) • When • Where • Who • Author: • Audience: • Non-fiction; letter • To persuade the nation of the injustice of racism • April 16, 1963 • Birmingham, Alabama • Who • Author: Martin Luther King • Audience: The clergymen, the people of America

13. How - Logos, Pathos, and Ethos • MY DEAR FELLOW CLERGYMEN • Example of ETHOS • King puts himself on the same level as the clergymen • While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, • Example of PATHOS • Appeals to our fear that we will not be free men • If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work • Example of LOGOS • King explains that logically he cannot respond to every piece of hateful mail he receives because he would have no time to do his work

14. You try... • With your table group discuss the following passage. Find an example of pathos, logos, and or ethos in the excerpt. There may be multiple appeals represented. Be able to explain your answer. • But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statements in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms. • But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statements in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms. Green: EthosBlue: use of an appeal to logic or logos

15. Independent Practice • Individually you will now finish identifying examples of logos, pathos, and ethos in Letter from Birmingham Jail. • Choose three different colored pencils and create a key on your paper that matches a color with an appeal just like in the examples • Ex. Logos - Blue, Pathos - Red, Ethos - Green • Underline each example in its respective color