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Midterm Practice

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26 diapositives · 455 Views · Sep 04, 2014

Midterm Practice. Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley 4.1 - 4.7. For the Midterm …. I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like… All cars that are not Mazdas are cars with good jingles I’ll ask you for its quality qualifier quantity quantifier copula distribution letter name

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  1. Midterm Practice Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley 4.1 - 4.7

  2. For the Midterm … I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like… All cars that are not Mazdas are cars with good jingles I’ll ask you for its • quality • qualifier • quantity • quantifier • copula • distribution • letter name • terms

  3. 1 How many quantifiers are there? List them…

  4. 2 How many qualifiers are there? List them…

  5. 3 Memorize distribution! All SD are P No SD are PD Some S are P Some S are not PD

  6. 4 Standard Form… Which is in standard form, and why? No Jimmy Johns subs are slathered in mustard Some eyebrow tweezings are less than pain free procedures

  7. 5 Consider: No non-A are B (T) Contraposition • Some non-A are B. (F) • All A are non-B. (Und.) • No non-B are A. (T) • Some non-A are not B. (T) • No non-B are A. (Und.)

  8. 6 Consider: All A are non-B. (F) Obversion • All A are non-B. (F) • All non-B are A. (Und.) • No A are non-B. (Und.) • No A are non-B. (F) • Some non-A are not B. (T)

  9. 7 Consider: Some A are not non-B. (T)  All A are non-B. • Contraposition (T) • Contrary (F) • Conversion (T) • Obversion (T) • Contradictory (F)

  10. 8 Consider: Some non-A are B. (F)  Some B are non-A. • Subcontrary (T) • Conversion (Und.) • Contraposition (Und.) • Conversion (F) • Contraposition (F)

  11. 9 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: Some A are non-B. (F)  Some A are not non-B. (F) • Illicit, contrary • Illicit, subalternation • Subcontrary • Illicit, subcontrary • Contraposition

  12. 10 No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram … • Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1. • Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. • Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. • There is an X in area 2. • Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

  13. 11 All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the diagram … • Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. • Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. • Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. • There is an X in area 2. • Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

  14. 12 Shade area 2 and place an X in area 1. Which of the following would be valid inferences: • shaded area 2. • an X in area 3. • an X in area 1. • shaded 1. • no X’s or shadings.

  15. 13 Shade area 1 and place an X in area 2. Which of the following would be valid inferences: • shaded area 2. • an X in area 3. • shaded area 1, and X in area 2. • shaded 1. • no X’s or shadings.

  16. 14 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: No non-A are B. (T)  Some non-A are not B. (F) • Illicit, subalternation • Illicit, contradictory • Contradictory • Illicit, subcontrary • Conversion

  17. 15 Assume Boolean (Modern) standpoint. Consider: No A are B. (T)  Some A are B. (F) • Existential fallacy • Illicit, contradictory • Contradictory • Illicit, subcontrary • Conversion

  18. 16 Assume Boolean (Modern) standpoint. Consider: No A are B. (T)  All A are B. (F) • Existential fallacy • Illicit, contrary • Contradictory • Illicit, subcontrary • Conversion

  19. 17 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint) All red sounds are rough flavors.  Some red sounds are rough flavors. • Existential fallacy • Valid, contradictory • Valid, subcontrary • Invalid, subalternation • Invalid, contrary

  20. 18 Know these Famous Fallacies: No Fallacy! Ad Hominem (abusive, circumstantial, you too!) Appeal to Pity (ad misericordiam) Appeal to Force (ad baculum) Appeal to the People (ad populum) Appeal to Unqualified Authority (ad vericumdiam) Faulty Dilemma (compare to ultimatum) Composition Division Weak Analogy Hasty Generalization

  21. 19 Know these sorts of definition… Real Genus-Difference Verbal Ostensive Operational Stipulative Reportive Enumerative Etymological Synonymous

  22. 20 Know the 3 theories of truth, and their general problems…

  23. 21 “There were only 2 people in the room at the time of the murder … we can, therefore, exclude the fact that there was a large crowd in the room at that time.” Is this a correct, or incorrect use of the notion of a fact?

  24. 22 Identify the species, genus, and difference at work in these Genus-Difference definitions… An elephant is an animal with a trunk A laptop is a computer made to sit in your lap

  25. 22 (continued) Elephant = animal trunk Laptop = computer for your lap Species Genus Difference Species Genus Difference

  26. 23 Read section 4.7 on your own. You will have 4 sentences to translate, but none of them will involve converting a single statement into 2 categorical propositions. Good luck!