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Biophysical and Socioeconomic Assessments: The LOICZ* Approach

Biophysical and Socioeconomic Assessments: The LOICZ* Approach. Liana Talaue-McManus Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami LOICZ Nutrient Budget & Typology Teams *Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone. Objectives.

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Biophysical and Socioeconomic Assessments: The LOICZ* Approach

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  1. Biophysical and Socioeconomic Assessments: The LOICZ* Approach Liana Talaue-McManus Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami LOICZ Nutrient Budget & Typology Teams *Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone

  2. Objectives • LOICZ framework in assessing the role of the global coast in material (carbon, nutrients, freshwater) delivery and cycling. • A resource in identifying/ formulating indicators for themes on coastal water quality and eutrophication • Scale: • Local: catchments and associated estuarine areas • Regional and global carbon assessments

  3. Outline • Goals of LOICZ as a Core Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) • Biophysical approaches • Socio-economic approaches • Future directions

  4. anthropogenic influence • trace gas emissions • source/ sink for Carbon dioxide • land use, climate, sea level on material fluxes and coastal morphodynamics • interphase with integrated coastal management • mass balances of C, N and P

  5. Global Typology SCALES Vertical fluxes Regional Horizontal fluxes Basins Coastal Seas Oceans MATERIAL FLUX MODELS Local Ecosystems & Habitats & People LOICZ

  6. 22002222 Using global Databases to Scale up 200 sites with nutrient budgets Clustering & Visualization tools Typology To discern Regional & Global patterns PrPredictive relationships Nutrient Budget Modeling

  7. DATA NEEDS: • System area and volume • River runoff, precipitation, & evaporation • Salinity gradient • Nutrient loads • DIP concentrations • DIN concentrations • DOP, DON (if available) • DIC (if available).

  8. Non-conservative nutrient fluxes

  9. Stoichiometry 106CO2 + 16H+ + 16NO3- + H3PO4 + 122H2O (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4 + 138O2 Redfield Equation (p-r) or net ecosystem metabolism, NEM = - DIP x 106 (C:P) (nfix-denit) = DINobs - DINexp = DINobs - DIP x 16 (N:P) Where: (C:P) ratio is 106:1 and (N:P) ratio is 16:1 (Redfield ratio) Note: Redfield C:N:P is a good approximation where local C:N:P is absent (e.g. mangrove litter).

  10. Non-conservative fluxes & system states: Lingayen Gulf

  11. Nutrient Budget Assessments(black areas)

  12. Socioeconomic Assessments • Site specific: • Population • Waste load from economic • Global: • Population • Waste load proxies • Agricultural land cover • Runoff (natural + anthropogenic sources)

  13. RESIDUALS ESTUARINE SUB-SYTEM ECONOMIC SUB-SYSTEM RESOURCES Methods Input-Output Modelling (James 1985) Biogeochemical Budget Modelling (Gordon et al. 1996)

  14. Agriculture Fishery Forestry Mining & quarrying Heavy manufacturing (I) Light manufacturing (II) Electricity, gas & water Waterworks & supply Construction Transport, communication & storage Other services Household Input-Output Model:11 Economic Sectors

  15. Population & Economics

  16. Nutrients: Human-generated and Loads

  17. Nutrient Budget Assessments(black areas): How to scale up globally?

  18. Predictive relationships Log (mol DIP km-2 yr-1) = 2.72 + 0.36 X log (persons km-2 ) + 0.78 X log (runoff in m3 yr-1) DIP load, number of persons, and runoff scaled to catchment basin area N=168; r2 = 0.58 (Smith et al, in prep.)

  19. LOICZ Typology Database • 0.5 degree grid • 47,057 cells (out of 259,200 total for earth’s surface) make up primary typology cells • Coastal (with shoreline; NOAA 1999) • Stream network (U. New Hampshire 1999) • Grid cell composition: Coastal (15,278 cells) + terrestrial (immed. Landward) (12,449 cells) + oceanic (immed. Seaward) (19,330 cells)

  20. Yield Load

  21. Potential Directions • Systematic assessments of socioeconomic drivers along rural-urban gradients • System state feedbacks on resource-based economic activities (capture fisheries, aquaculture, tourism) • Watershed management • Fertilizer policy and use • Sewage and wastewater treatment • Land use and cover change

  22. LOICZ: Phase II

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