Journal # 14

1. Journal #14 • Militia – civilians serving as soldiers • Casualties – killed, injured, or captured soldiers • Backcountry – a thinly populated area between the coastal towns and the Appalachian Mountains • Pioneers – the first Europeans to settle the backcountry

2. Chapter 5: Conflicts in the Colonies

3. Bonus Questions • What was the Great Awakening? • How did the Great Awakening affect society and politics? • Name one of the leaders of the Scientific Revolution • State 3 facts about Benjamin Franklin

4. Today’s Topics • 5.1 – Trouble on the Frontier • 5.2 – Consequences of the French and Indian War

5. King Phillip’s War • Metacomet was a main chief of the Wampanoag tribe, his father made a longstanding peace with the Pilgrims • Metacomet tried to live in peace with the English, buying English clothes and taking the English name Phillip • Eventually, with the Iroquois pushing his people from the west and the English pushing from the east, he fought back • The war between the Wampanoag and the English colonists is called King Phillip’s War

6. King Phillips War • Both sides attacked each other’s settlements • 600 settlers die along with 3,000 Indians • Metacomet is shot through the heart in Rhode Island • After his death, his head is mounted on the entrance to Fort Plymouth and his body was cut up and put in the trees – his head remains there for 20 years • Metacomet’s wife and children are sold into slavery in Bermuda

7. King Phillip’s War • Some Native groups helped the English fight against Metacomet • French colonists traded and allied with the Algonquian people • English colonists traded and allied with the Iroquois league • Native Americans’ #1 goal was always independence

8. Conflicts with France • In the late 1600s, France and England both wanted control over Europe and North America • They fought a series of wars • King William’s War – 1689 to 1697 • Queen Anne’s War – 1702 to 1713 • Spain and France vs. England • Each side had Native American Allies • King George’s War – 1740s • Both sides were still competing for the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes area in the 1750s

9. Conflicts With France • The English wanted the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes area for settlement • The French believed settlements would ruin their profitable trade with Indians in the area • This trade was called The Middle Ground • The French build 3 forts to keep the English out • When the English start building forts along the Ohio River in 1754 – the French and Indian War began

10. The French and Indian War Begins • The French destroy an English fort and build Fort Duquesne • George Washington attempts to build another English fort and is forced to surrender • Fighting also began in Europe – that fighting is called the Seven Years’ War

11. The French and Indian War • The British started off poorly – General Edward Braddock tries to attack Fort Duquesne and is ambushed – 900 of his 1,400 men are killed • Eventually the British begin to win and in 1759 they capture Quebec – the capital of New France • Fighting continues until 1763 with the British winning most of the battles

12. The Treaty of Paris • In 1763 the Treaty of Paris was the peace treaty that ended the French and Indian (or Seven Years”) war • Britain gained land in this treaty, afterward they owned Canada and everything east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans • Britain also received Florida from Spain • Spain now owned everything west of the Mississippi River

14. The Treaty of Paris’ Effect on Native Americans • Native Americans were considered an enemy because many allied with the French (some allied with England but that didn’t matter to most people) • Native Americans lost the power to play countries off of one another (play-off politics) • The British now felt that they had the right to all Native lands east of the Mississippi River (formerly “owned” by France)

15. Consequences of the French and Indian War 5.2

16. The Frontier • Colonists set up most of the early settlements along the eastern coast • To the west was a huge frontier • Europeans slowly moved west into this frontier, also called the backcountry • The people who moved into these areas were called pioneers • After the French and Indian War, settlers began moving west in greater numbers • Many crossed the Appalachians into the Ohio River Valley • Towns were small

17. Conflict in the Ohio River Valley • After the Treaty of Paris, Britain replaced France as the European power in the Ohio River Valley and in the Great Lakes • Unlike the French, the British want to build settlements • Native Americans begin to join together to resist the British

18. Chief Pontiac • Ottawa Chief • Leader of Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763 – 1766) • A group of Indians attack British forts in the Ohio River Valley/Great Lakes area • In one month they capture or destroy 7 forts • The Indians fail to take Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt, two very important forts • In 1766, Pontiac surrenders

20. The Proclamation of 1763 • Fighting with Native Americans worried British leaders who didn’t want more fighting or their trade disrupted • King George III signs the Proclamation of 1763 which banned the British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains • It also called for those living in the Ohio River valley to “remove themselves from such settlements” • The Proclamation was difficult to enforce, many people disobeyed the law – this showed the colonists unhappiness with British attempts to control them