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Understanding World Climates: Patterns, Factors, and Zones

Learn about the different factors that impact world climates, including latitude, altitude, proximity to the sea, and ocean currents. Explore the various climate zones and understand their characteristics. Discover how weather and climate differ and gain knowledge about temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure.

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Understanding World Climates: Patterns, Factors, and Zones

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  1. K-W-L Chart: Describe what you know about the World’s climate patterns, then explain what you would like to know about the World’s climate patterns. Finally, at the end of the period describe what you learned about World climate patterns. Do Now

  2. WORLD CLIMATES

  3. Weather vs Climate? • Weather: Atmospheric conditions (temperature, rainfall, etc…) at a specific point in time • Climate: Atmospheric conditions (temperature, rainfall, etc…) of a region over a long period of time

  4. Dallas • Weather - Climate

  5. A COUNTRY’S CLIMATE DEPENDS ON FOUR MAIN FACTORS • Latitude is the distance of a location from the equator. The hottest temperatures are found at the equator. As you move further away from the equator towards the polar regions, less and less sun is received during the year and the climates become colder and colder.Altitude is the height above sea level or the height above the earth's surface. The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature will be. On average for every 1,000 metres higher you go the temperature will fall about 6.5 °C.Proximity to the sea affects the temperature of a place because the sea temperature changes slower than land temperature. So the sea will keep coastal areas warmer than inland area during the winter and cooler than inland areas during the summer. • Currents exist in all the oceans. Currents that move water from tropical areas towards the poles (North Atlantic Drift starts in the Gulf of Mexico) are known as warm currents. Those currents moving from northern (or southern) colder seas, nearer the poles towards the equator are known as cool currents, an example is the Canaries current

  6. CLIMATE ELEMENTS • Temperature is how hot or cold the atmosphere is - ie, how many degrees Celsius (centigrade) it is above or below freezing (0°C) • farenheit and celsius scale

  7. Precipitation is the term given to moisture that falls from the air to the ground • pluviometer

  8. Atmospheric pressure (or air pressure) is the weight of air resting on the earth's surface. Pressure is shown on a weather map, often called a synoptic map, with lines called isobars. • Low pressure occurs when air becomes warmer. The air molecules expand, become lighter and it rises. • High pressure occurs when air becomes colder. The air molecules contract, become denser, heavier and sink towards the earth. barometer

  9. Ocean Currents • Ocean current move in large circular systems • Ocean currents affect temperature and precipitation of an area. • Warm ocean currents make surrounding areas warmer and rainy. • Cool ocean currents make surrounding areas cooler and drier Warmer and Rainy Warm Ocean Current Cooler and Drier Cool Ocean Current

  10. Ocean Currents

  11. El Niño • The natural warming of waters off the west coast of South America about every 2 – 7 years due to a reversal of wind direction. • El Nino causes floods and mudslides in the Americas. • El Nino causes droughts in Australia and Asia.

  12. MAIN CLIMATIC ZONES

  13. Zones of Latitude • A region’s latitude (distance from the equator) can impact its climate. • Sketch the diagram below. Polar Temperate Tropical Tropical Temperate Polar

  14. Zones of Latitude • Tropical Zones:Warm weather year round. Area between the Tropic of Cancer (23 ½ º N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½ º S). • Temperate Zones:Warm summers and cold winters (four seasons). Areas between Tropic of Cancer (23 ½ º N) and Arctic Circle (66 ½ º N) and Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½ º S) and the Antarctic Circle (66 ½ º S). • Polar Zones: Cold year round. Areas north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle.

  15. POLAR 60°N 60°N TEMPERATE 30°N 30°N TROPICAL 30°S 30°S TEMPERATE 60°S 60°S POLAR

  16. 1. Which cities will have a temperate climate? 3. Which cities are in the polar zone? 2. Which cities are warm year-round? What is this zone of latitude called?

  17. TROPICAL ZONE

  18. EQUATORIAL CLIMATE • Characteristics • Constant high temperatures. • Lowest annual temperature range of any climate. • Evenly distributed, heavy precipitation. • Lots of cloud cover and high humidity

  19. Tropical dry-wet • Characteristics • wet season in summer, dry periods in winter. • Rainfall less than equatorial • Highest temperature ranges of low latitude wet climates

  20. Monsoon • Characteristics • Seasonal Winds; typically bringing precipitation or arid weather. • Highest temperature just before rainy period.

  21. Desert • Characteristics • Among the driest places on earth • Low relative humidity • Irregular rainfall • Highest percentage of sunshine of any climate • Large daytime temperature range • Highest daytime temperature of any climate • Annual precipitation less than 250 mm

  22. TEMPERATE ZONE

  23. Humid subtropical • Characteristics • High humidity; summers like humid tropics. • Frost with polar air masses in winter. • 1000 to 2000 mm of year precipitation, decreasing inland. • Monsoon influence in Asia

  24. Mediterranean • Characteristics • Mild, moist winters, • Dry summers • High percentage of sunshine

  25. Humid continental • Characteristics • Warm Summer Subtype: • Hot humid summers; occasional winter cold waves. • Large annual temperature ranges. Ie. Chicago • Cool Summer Subtype: • Moderate summers; long cold winters. • Large annual temperature ranges. • Less precipitation than warm summer subtype • Ie. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

  26. Marine west coast • Characteristics • Mild winters, mild summers. • Low annual temperature range. • Heavy cloud cover; high humidity.

  27. Dry midlatitude climate • These dry climates are limited to the interiors of North America and Eurasia. • Cold winters and warm or hot summers. A small amount of rain falls during this season. • Annual temperatures range widely.

  28. POLAR ZONE

  29. Subartic climate • Characteristics • Brief, cool summers; long, hard cold winters. • Largest annual temperature ranges. • Lowest temperatures outside of Antarctica.

  30. Tundra • Characteristics • At least 9 months average below freezing. • Low evaporation; precipitation usually below 300 mm.

  31. CLIMATE AND FARMING

  32. TROPICAL CLIMATES BURNING RAINFOREST TOBACCO PLANTATION

  33. MONSOON CLIMATE

  34. TEMPERATE CLIMATES VINEYARDS CALIFORNIA WEST COAST

  35. HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE GRASSLAND AREA

  36. Work on completing World Climate Handout Closing

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