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Research design

Research design. Variables. Independent variable Dependent variable. Levels Responses. Variables and conditions. Subjects are given two types of constructions and are asked to decide whether the given sentence is grammatical: (1) a. I gave him it. Construction 1 b. I gave her the book.

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Research design

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  1. Research design

  2. Variables • Independent variable • Dependent variable • Levels • Responses

  3. Variables and conditions Subjects are given two types of constructions and are asked to decide whether the given sentence is grammatical: (1) a. I gave him it. Construction 1 b. I gave her the book. c. … (2) a. I gave to him it. Construction 2 b. I gave to her the note you sent me. c. …

  4. Variables and conditions

  5. Variables and conditions Subjects are asked to complete copular sentences with a relative clause. The predicate nominals of the copular clauses belong to three different semantic types: (1) animate/human (2) inanimate/object (3) place. (1) a. This is the man __ b. This is the ball __ c. This is the place __

  6. Variables and conditions

  7. Variables and conditions

  8. Interaction

  9. Types of data • Nominal/categorical data • Ordinal data • Interval data

  10. Type of analysis • Correlational analysis • Difference test

  11. Type of analysis

  12. Confound variable (1) … the man who talked to Mary. (2) … the car that caused the accident. (3) … the man who Mary talked to. (4) … the car that Peter bought.

  13. Confound variable (1) … the man who talked to Mary. (2) … the car that caused the accident. (3) … the man who Mary talked to. (4) … the car that Peter bought.

  14. Confound variables • Control • Randomization

  15. Sampling • Simple random sampling • Stratified random sampling • Systematic sampling • Cluster sampling

  16. Related and independent design • Within subjects design – related design – repeated measures design • Between subjects design – unrelated design – independent design

  17. Advantages of within subjects design • Reduction of inter-individual differences • Fewer subjects

  18. Disdvantages of within subjects design • Subjects recognize the purpose of the study. • Subjects get tired, frustrated, excited. • Subjects get habituated to the task. Responses to IVs/conditions can influence each other:

  19. Counterbalancing • ABBA • AB - BA Counterbalancing serves to eliminate the ordering effect.

  20. Counterbalancing 1. ABC 2. ACB 3. BAC 4. CAB 5. BCA 6. CBA

  21. Experimental design A child language researcher wants to find out if the meaning of the head of a relative clause influences the interpretation of the acquisition of relative clauses in early child speech. Specifically, he wants to know if animate and inanimate head nouns affect children’s interpretation of relative clauses. In this study, he concentrates on the two most frequent types of relative clauses in which the subject and object are relativized (i.e. expressed by the relative pronoun).

  22. Experimental design (1) Das ist der Mann, der das Mädchen gestern gesehen hat. (2) Das ist der Mann, den das Mädchen gestern gesehen hat. (3) Das ist der Ball, der das Mädchen am Kopf getroffen hat. (4) Das ist der Ball, den das Mädchen mit dem Kopf getroffenhat.

  23. Experimental design (1) Das ist der Mann, der das Mädchen gestern gesehen hat. (2) Das ist der Mann, den das Mädchen gestern gesehen hat. (3) Das ist der Ball, der das Mädchen am Kopf getroffen hat. (4) Das ist der Ball, den das Mädchen mit dem Kopf getroffenhat.

  24. Experimental design

  25. Central tendency Data: 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 12, 13, 13 Mean: 2+3+3+3+4+6+6+9+12+13+13 = 6.72 11 Median: 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 12, 13, 13 = 6 Mode: 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 12, 13, 13 = 3

  26. Variance and SD (x1 – x)2 N- 1

  27. Variance

  28. Variance

  29. Variance

  30. Variance

  31. Variance

  32. Variance

  33. Variance 81.87 8 - 1 = 11.7

  34. Standard Deviation 81.87 8 - 1 = 3.42

  35. Standard Deviation 70% of all data points fall within 1 SD. Mean +/- SD = range of 70% of the data 7.4 +/- 3.42 = 3.98 – 10.82 words

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